Key Terms
Types of extraoral images
Common errors and how to correct them
Equipment
Panoramic Anatomy
100
Image of the teeth and bones made by placing the film or cassette against the face or the head and projecting the x-rays from the opposite side.
Extraoral Imaging
100
Imaging that allows the dentist to view the entire dentition and related structures on a single image.
Panoramic
100
Ghost Image. Solution: Have patient remove all radiodense objects from head and neck region before being positioned. (jewelry, piercing's and glasses)
100
Consists of chin rest, a notched bite-block, forehead rest and lateral head supports or guides. Used to correctly position patient within the focal trough.
Head Positioner
100
Nasal septum
200
Imaginary line that divides the patient's face into right and left sides.
Midsagittal Plane
200
Provides 3D views of mouth, face and jaw from any direction. Used to evaluate for extraction of impacted teeth, placement of implants and exact location of mandibular nerve.
Cone Beam Computed Tomography CBCT
200
Chin too high. Solution: Position the patient so the Frankfort plane is parallel to the floor.
200
Allow the milliamperage and kilovoltage settings to be adjusted to accommodate patients of different sizes.
Exposure Controls
200
Mandibular canal/nerve
300
Imaginary three-dimensional horseshoe-shaped zone used to focus panoramic radiographs.
Focal Trough
300
Uses special imaging techniques such as arthrography and magnetic resonance imaging, to evaluate TMJ
Temporomandibular Joint Radiography
300
Anterior to focal trough. Solution: Position the patient so that the anterior teeth are placed in an end-to-end position in the groove on the bite-block.
300
Has a filament that produces electrons and a target that produce radiographs. Rotates behind the patient's head.
Tubehead
300
Maxillary Sinus
400
Imaginary plane the passes through the top of the ear canal and the bottom of the eye socket.
Frankfort Plane
400
Used to evaluate facial growth and development, trauma, diseases and developmental abnormalities, showing the frontal and ethmoid sinuses, the orbits and the nasal cavities.
Posteroanterior Projection
400
Spine not straight. Solution: The patient must be instructed to stand or sit "as tall as possible" with a straight back.
400
Rotates in front the patient and is sensitive to light from intensifying screens.
Film.
400
Mandibular Condyle
500
Special device the allows the operator to easily position both film and patient.
Cephalostat
500
Used to evaluate facial growth and development, trauma, diseases and developmental abnormalities. Shows the bones of the face and skull as well as the soft tissue from the profile.
Lateral Cephalometric Projection
500
Lips are not closed and tongue is not on the roof of the mouth. Solution: Close the lips around the bite-block, swallow, and then raise the tongue up to the palate.
500
Device placed between the patient's head and film used to decrease scatter radiation the reaches an extraoral film during exposure.
Grid
500
Hyoid bone