Three Blind Mice
No light perception and no usable vision.
What is total blindness?
Defect in the curvature of the eyeball surface. May be hereditary or a muscular deficit. Subjective data: eye discomfort, blurred vision, or difficulty focusing.
What is astigmatism?
Acute infection of eyelid margins or sebaceous glands of the eyelash. Abscess at base of eyelash w/ edema of the lid. Pain & tenderness noted, raised red area with pustule exudate.
What is hordeolum (stye)?
List nursing management for hordeolum, blepharitis, & keratitis.
What are:
-Don't share washcloths or towels
- Allergies: use cold compresses
-Note change in discharge or increased pain, notidy MD immediately.
Foreign objects such as dust, propellants, & eye lashes are the most common type of eye injury. Burns are considered medical emergencies. Abrasions & lacerations usually caused by fingernails or clothing can occur. However, penetrating wounds are the most serious b/c eye structures may be permanently injured.
What are cornea injuries?
The patient has some light perception but no usable vision
What is functional blindness?
Inability to focus on the eyes in the same direction. Esotropia: eyes turns toward nose. Exotopia: eyes turn outward. Eye position lacks symmetry. Patients have difficulty following objects, only one eye focuses or follows an object.
What is strabismus?
Inflammatory cyst on the meibomian gland at eyelid margin. Infection associated with DM, gout, & anemia. S/S: discomfort, mass on eyelid, edema, & visual disturbances. Patient may report pressure felt as eyelid closes over cornea, visual changes.
What is chalazion?
This a board spectrum bacteriostatic anti-infective usd to treat ocular infections. Don't take if hypersensitive to drug. Purulent exudates may inactivate the drug. Comply with whole txt course. Discard solution, if discolored.
What is Sulamyd or sulfacetamide sodium?
List some medical treatments for eye injuries.
What are:
-Flush eye w/ NS or tap water (burns)
-F/U with ER or opthalmolgist
-Treat with ABX
-Keep both eyes covered with penetrating wounds
Individuals with a maximum visual acuity of 20/200 with corrective eyewear and/or visual field sight reduced by 20 degrees.
What is legally blind?
Elongation of the eyeball, parallel rays are focused in front of the retina. Patient has difficulty seeing long distance. Snellen test is used to determine sight.
What is myopia-nearsightedness?
Inflammation of eyelid margin. Caused by bacterial infection or psoriasis, seborrhea, or allergic reaction. Pt c/o pruritus, red eyelid, pain, photophobia, & excessive tearing. Eyelids may adhere together while sleeping.
What is blepharitis?
This is a bacterial antibiotic used to treat blepharitis & conjunctivitis. Unsure to comply with full txt course.
What is Garamycin or gentamycin sulfate?
Enucleation, the surgical removal of the eyeball. Often necessary after severe eye trauma or malignant tumors. List some pre-op/post-op nursing implementations.
What are:
-Pre Op: emotional support, discuss meds, patient teaching, safe environment
-Post Op: cover eye with pressure drsg to control bleeding, observe drsg q1 hr for 24 hrs, ask about pain, HA, discourage cough
Name 3 some nursing implications for assisting with a patient who is blind or near blind.
What is:
-Assist with ADL
-Communicate Effectively
-Ambulate Safely
-Provide emotional/psychosocial support
-Nutrition
-Hygiene
Rays of light entering eye are brought into focus behind the retina. Patients have the inability to see objects at close range. Snellen test is used to determine sight.
What is hypertopia-farsightedness?
This eye disorder is caused by bacterial/viral infection or allergy/environmental factors. Hands are most common transmitter. S/S: redness of conjunctiva & lid, crusty discharge on lid & cornea. Untreated scarring of eyelid with granulations that invade the cornea resulting in vision loss.
What is conjunctivitis or pink eye?
This a steroid uses to treat ocular inflammation. May mask infection. Don't use contact lens. Shake before use. Contact MD if condition doesn't improve. Contraindicated in keratitis.
What is Decadron or dexamethasone?
Keratoplasty is excision of corneal tissue followed by surgical implantation from another human donor. List the pre/post op nursing implementation for keratoplasty.
What are:
-Pre Op: provide emotional support, discuss instructions abt use of protective glasses
-Post Op: position pt on back or non-operative side, have pt avoid bending, lifting, straining, coughing/sneezing, eye patch/eye shield, strict aspectic techique for drsg chng
Name three causes of blindness.
What are:
-Diabetic retinopathy
-Glaucoma
-Cataract
-Retinal Degeneration
-Acute Trauma
Name nursing management for refractory disorders.
What are:
-Assist pt with care and maintenance of eyewear
-Annual visits for optometrist/ophthamologist
-Pre Op: D/C contacts 2 days prior to evaluation
-Post OP: pain meds, f/u appts, goal to improve vision
Inflammation of cornea resulting from injury, irritants, allergies, viral infections (HSV), congenitial syphilis, or smallpox, & dirty contact lens. S/S: severe pain, photophobia, tearing, edema, visual disturbances. May result in blepharospasms & vision loss.
What is keratitis?
Name the medical treatment for keratitis.
What are:
-Topical & systemic antibiotics
-Cycloplegic-mydriatic (Paralytic) & analgesics
-Pressure drsg to relax eye muscles, decrease discomfort
-Epithelial debridement of loose tissue
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