Eyes
What PERRLA stands for
What is Pupils Equal Round Reactive to Light and Accomodation?
accommodation:ability of eye to change focus from distant to close (vice versa)
reactive to light when pupils
Age-related hearing loss.
What is presbycusis?
cumulative effect of aging on hearing by nerve degeneration lose higher sounds first, usually occurs in 50s
Another name for nosebleeds.
What is epistaxis?
The two structural components of the "roof of the mouth".
What are the hard and soft pallates?
hard (roof of the mouth) more anterior soft posterior
Another name for the voicebox.
What is the Larynx?
The term for becoming far-sighted in older adulthood.
What is presbyopia?
lens loses elasticity, decreased ability to accommodate fro near vision,
by 70 lens thickens, yellowish, cataracts begin
The cranial nerve responsible for hearing.
What is CN VIII - vestibulocochlear/acoustic?
perform whisper test to see
The cranial nerve that controls smell.
What is CN I - olfactory nerve?
sensory nerve
This can increase a person's risk for bleeding gums along with poor dental hygiene and peridontal disease.
What is Pregnancy?
nasal epistaxis is normal from increased vascularity
gums soften may bleed these are normal findings
Inflammation of the voicebox, causing hoarseness.
What is laryngitis?
This test assesses the alignment of the eyes. Abnormal findings may include esotropia, exotropia, and anisocoria.
What is the corneal light reflex?
esotropia: convergent axis (eye goes towards nose)
exotropia: divergent (eye goes out)
anisocoria: pupillary size difference (concerned in trauma)
The names of the two tuning fork tests and how they work.
What are the Weber and Rinne tests?
weber test: air conduction, on top of head
rinne: on mastoid process, bone conduction
It is true that an adult has 4 sets of sinuses - frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and... __________.
What are maxillary sinuses?
palpate the frontal and maxillary in head to toe
ethmoid behind your eye
sphenoid temporal region
This condition usually causes painless sores in the mouth and can be caused by smoking and the use of chewing tobacco.
What is oral cancer?
pain is rarely a sign of oral cancer
The term for difficulty swallowing.
What is Dysphagia?
The three cranial nerves that control extraocular movements.
What are CN III, CN IV, CN VI - oculomotor, trochlear, abducens?
CN III: up down and medial movement
CN IV: down/in towards nose
CN VI: moves out
A common cause of conductive hearing loss in young adults 20-40 years that causes the stapes bone to become fixed due to gradual hardening.
What is otosclerosis?
impeding transmission of sound and transmission of sound and causing progressive deafness
A person with a sinus infection might experience ________ when their sinuses are palpated.
What is tenderness?
due to increased pressure
The three pairs of salivary glands.
What are parotid glands, submandibular glands, and sublingual glands?
submandibular: Whartons duct
Parotid: Stensen Duct
The name of the flap that covers the trachea when swallowing.
What is the epiglottis?
A disorder described as an increased intraocular pressure that causes the loss of peripheral vision
What is Glaucoma?
aka hypertension of the eyeball
This test involves the client stand still with their eyes closed for 20 seconds to assess their balance.
What is the Romberg Test?
assesses ability of vestibular apparatus in inner ear to help maintain standing balance, place feet together, do they sway?
These abnormal nose findings could be caused by previous trauma or infection.
What are deviation and masses?
look for if not patent
How aging affects teeth and saliva production.
What is tooth loss and decreased saliva production?
tooth loss is natural and patients develop dry mouth from decreased saliva production
Tonsils touching the uvula would be graded as such.
What is 3+?
1+ visible 2+ halfway between tonsillar pillars and uvula 3+ touching uvula 4+ touching each other