Ophtho-
PERRLA
Pupils equal round reactive to light and accommodating. Normal resting size is 3-5mm. Unequal pupil size may be normal- anisocoria
Direct vs consensual
This is the direction you pull the pinna to assess the inner ear of an adult >3 y/o
up and back
inspect? palpate? canal? TM?
This cartilage in the nose can be deviated or perforated
septum. The septum divides the?
Name 2 signs or symptoms of strep
fever, no cough, lymphadenopathy, odynophagia, enlarged tonsils
To assess and swab: tongue blade should be placed halfway down the tongue and slightly off center and say "ahhhhh" to swab tonsils
Name one change in the oral mucosa of a geriatric patient
reduced salivation, xerostomia, worn enamel, gingival recession
Confrontation tests this type of vision
peripheral
Swollen, erythematous, tender out ear rendering you unable to visualize the TM
You assess these two areas when a pt c/o facial pressure, toothache, and fever
sinuses:
1. Frontal under the eyebrows; 2. maxillary under the cheekbones.
ethmoid and sphenoid are deeper in the cranium and not accessible to palpation
This finding in the oral cavity raises c/f nourishment status
edentulous
Critical thinking: this is the term for lacking teeth vs this assessment finding raises c/f nourishment status
Name one common expected nasal condition in pregnancy
epistaxis; nasal congestion.
Also, gum hypertrophy
Name one red flag visual sign or symptom that requires urgent evaluation
sudden vision loss or narrowing, pain, floaters; "curtain dropped," hyphema, hypopyon, iritis
shingles, trauma
This infection manifests with a painful bulging red tympanic membrane
otitis media
otitis media vs otitis media with effusion?
This is how to document 3 normal findings of the internal nose
clear thin secretions, pink-red mucosa, inferior turbinate visualized
Tonsils graded 3+ mean they appear as this
3+ touching uvula
1 nl; 2+ possibly nl, halfway to uvula
4+ touching each other
6-12 months
20 present by 2.5 years
6-12 years permanent teeth
a hard red pustule on the upper lid
hordeolum or stye. staph infx of the sebaceous gland. do not rub the eye, warm compresses, topicals
The first question an RN asks when a pt c/o "dizziness."
Is there movement like spinning or whirling? The vesibulocochlear or acoustic CN VIII may be involved
Name two normal findings of the internal nose exam
internal: septum is midline (deviation is common), moist, pink/light red, thin clear secretions, inferior and middle turbinates visualized
external nose: symmetric, midline, patent
This is the term for congenital abnormality of the mouth inhibiting proper feeding
cleft palate
Looser, less elastic, less subq fat, and pendulous describe the skin changes associated with what population
geriatric
Explain the finding "20/60 vision"
"you can see at 20 feet what most other people can also see at 60 feet."
Bottom number: Bigger = Badder. Eg: 20/80: "you can see at 80 feet what most others can see at 20 feet."
Impacted cerumen is a cause of this type of hearing loss
conductive
the term for nosebleed
epistaxis (epi-: upon; -stax: dripping; -is: a condition)
rhinorrhea vs epistaxis
This is how to differentiate leukoplakia from candida
candida: thick, white patches coating on the tongue and buccal mucosa, will scrape off but leave behind raw bleeding tissue. also known as thrush in newborns.
leukoplakia: white-plaque. cancerous, will not scrape off
"I cannot see your face if I look straight at you" would be a common complaint for what dx
macular degeneration in the geriatric population.
Glaucoma is a loss of peripheral vision- acutely (emergent) or progressive