Etiology/Pathophysiology
What is the pathogen most concerning for bacterial pharyngitis?
Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus (GABHS)
Allergic rhinitis is associated with what other 2 conditions?
Asthma & atopic dermatitis
What is the difference in presentation between hordeolum and chalazion?
What is the imaging test of choice in sinusitis?
CT scan
Discontinue offending nasal spray/medication
Anterior nosebleeds mostly come from what vessels?
Kiesselbach's plexus
Patient who presents to the clinic with episodic vertigo, fluctuating low-frequency sensoneural hearing loss, tinnitus, and aural fullness most likely has a diagnosis of?
Meniere Disease
What is the difference in presentation of leukoplakia and oral thrush (candidiasis)?
Leukoplakia is not able to be scraped.
Candidiasis can be scraped.
What would you see on a lateral neck x-ray with a child patient who has dyspnea, muffled voice, tripoding, drooling, and in major distress?
Thumb print sign
What is the treatment of choice for a patient who is positive for a corneal abrasion and frequently wears contacts?
Fluoroquinolone topical antibiotics
What is the pathogen that causes infectious mononucleosis?
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)
What is the Centor criteria?
Fever
Lack of cough
Tender cervical LAD
Tonsillar exudate
What is the difference between viral and bacterial sinusitis?
Bacterial sinusitis have symptoms that lasts greater than 10 days and has purulent discharge.
What is the diagnostic test to test for a patient who has fever, exudative tonsillar pharyngitis and lymphadenopathy, palatal petechiae, splenomegaly, fatigue, and rash?
Monospot test (positive heterophile antibody test)
What medication should be avoided in a patient with nasal polyps and asthma?
Aspirin
What is the most likely fungal cause of otitis externa?
Aspergillus
"Hot potato voice" is indicative of?
Peritonsillar abscess
What is the difference between central and peripheral vertigo presentations?
Central vertigo: onset is gradual without auditory symptoms, with any direction nystagmus
Peripheral vertigo: onset is sudden with auditory symptoms and horizontal nystagmus
What is the imaging of choice for a blowout fracture of the face?
CT scan of the face
What do you have to counsel the patient on someone with infectious mononucleosis?
No contact sports for months even after patient is better.
What is the most encountered neck space infection?
Ludwig angina
Patient presents to the clinic for blurred vision and pain in the left eye with vision loss and halos around lights. On examination the cornea is cloudy and intraocular pressure > 50 mm Hg on left eye. What does this patient most likely have?
Acute angle closure Glaucoma
Pale Retina with Cherry-red spots on a fundoscopic exam is indicative of Central Retinal 1. ___ Occlusion. "Blood and thunder" retinal hemorrhage is indicative of Central Retinal 2. ___ Occlusion.
1. Artery
2. Vein
What is the X-ray view of the sinuses called for sinusitis?
Water's view
What is the treatment for someone who has unilateral loss of vision especially color vision over a few days and pain behind the eye that worsens with eye movement?
Steroids (Methylprednisolone)