Past Perfect Simple
When do we use Past Perfect Simple?
To show that one action was completed before another action in the past
I never wait.
I shake hands with one action and immediately introduce the next.
If even one second passes, I have failed my job.
Who am I?
As soon as
When do we use Past Perfect Continuous?
To show that an action started in the past and continued up until another point in the past.
The more you avoid me, the more difficult I become.
The more you do me, the easier I become.
I often leave people breathless, yet doctors frequently recommend me.
Strangely, I can exhaust your body while improving your health.
What am I?
Exercise
I may never create something,
yet I can make the whole world notice it.
I speak loudly even when I have no opinion of my own.
Whether it is a product, an idea, or a cause,
my purpose is always the same:
to move it from the shadows into people's minds.
What am I doing?
Promoting
What are the positive & negative sentence structures for Past Perfect Simple?
Positive: Subject + had + past participle
Negative: Subject + hadn't + past participle
I am never first.
I only appear after someone else has done something.
I don't care if the next action happens immediately or an hour later.
I simply whisper,
"Next..."
Who am I?
Then
What are the positive & negative sentence structures for Past Perfect Continuous?
Positive: Subject + had been + verb-ing
Negative: Subject + hadn't been + verb-ing
I exist before I happen.
Breaking me may not break a law, but it often wastes someone's time.
I can be made weeks in advance, cancelled in seconds, and missed in a moment.
Although invisible, I can still appear in your calendar.
What am I?
Appointment
I speak without a voice.
Before you introduce yourself,
I have already made an impression.
Confidence may strengthen me.
Fatigue may weaken me.
Others can judge you by me,
even before you say a single word.
Posture
What is the question form sentence structure for Past Perfect Simple?
Had + Subject + Past Participle
I have two hands.
One hand holds one action.
The other hand holds another.
I refuse to let either go until both are happening together.
Who am I?
While
What is the question form sentence structure for Past Perfect Continuous?
Had + Subject + been + verb-ing
Most people fear me before I begin,
remember little while I happen,
and hope never to repeat me.
I often leave a mark behind,
not as proof of failure,
but as evidence that someone tried to repair what was wrong.
What happened?
Have an operation
I ask for much,
but I never apologise for it.
Some people abandon me because I expect too much.
Others embrace me because I reveal their true potential.
Success often stands on the other side of me.
What am I?
Demanding
Which sentence is grammatically correct?
A. By the time the meeting started, everyone already submitted their reports.
B. By the time the meeting had started, everyone had submitted their reports.
C. By the time the meeting started, everyone had already submitted their reports.
D. By the time the meeting started, everyone has already submitted their reports.
C. By the time the meeting started, everyone had already submitted their reports.
I stand like a locked gate.
No one may pass me before the right moment arrives.
Once that moment comes, I disappear forever.
Who am I?
Until
Which sentence is grammatically correct?
A. By the time the guests arrived, the chef had cooked for six hours.
B. By the time the guests arrived, the chef had been cooking for six hours.
C. By the time the guests had arrived, the chef had been cooking for six hours.
D. By the time the guests arrived, the chef was cooking for six hours.
B. By the time the guests arrived, the chef had been cooking for six hours.
I rarely arrive alone.
Sometimes I disappear after a few minutes.
Other times, I warn you that something worse is coming.
You cannot borrow me from someone else,
yet spending time near them may still cause me to appear.
What am I?
Feel sick
I never promise comfort.
The harder you fight me, the more exhausted you become.
Yet those who survive me often become stronger than before.
Athletes respect me.
Beginners often underestimate me.
What am I?
Strenuous
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs.
When Detective Harris (1) __________ (arrive) at the museum, the thieves (2) __________ (escape) through a hidden tunnel. Although the security guards (3) __________ (hear) a strange noise earlier, they (4) __________ (not realise) that the alarm system (5) __________ (fail) during the power outage.
arrived
had escaped
had heard
did not realise
had failed
I love surprises.
The moment one event happens, I point at another.
I don't promise they happen together.
I simply answer one question:
"At what time?"
Who am I?
When
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs.
By the time the rescue team reached the mountain cabin, the hikers (1) __________ (wait) for help for nearly twelve hours. They (2) __________ (use) most of their food supplies and (3) __________ (build) a small fire to keep warm. Although it (4) __________ (snow) heavily throughout the night, the weather finally began to improve after dawn, and the rescue helicopter (5) __________ (receive) permission to take off.
had been waiting
had used
had built
had been snowing
had received
I have authority, yet I hold no power on my own.
I cannot heal anyone,
but ignoring me may prevent someone from getting better.
I usually travel from one professional to another before finally reaching the person who needs me.
What am I?
Prescription
I was never discovered.
I did not exist until someone imagined me.
Before I became reality,
I first lived as an idea.
Whether I am a plan, a strategy, or a solution,
I owe my existence to human creativity.
What word describes me?
Devised