Reported Statement 01
Which tenses should we change to if the direct speech use the tenses below?
-Present Simple
-Present Continuous
Present Simple -> Past Simple
Present Continuous -> Past Continuous
Which tenses should we change to if the direct speech use the tenses below?
-Can/Can't
-Will/Won't
Can/Can't -> Could
Will/Won't -> Would
Which tenses should we change to if the direct speech use the tenses below?
-Past Simple
-Past Continuous
Past Simple -> Past Perfect
Past Continuous -> Past Perfect Continuous
I may sound like laughter, but I am not necessarily friendly.
I often borrow someone's weakness, mistake, appearance, or behaviour
and turn it into entertainment for others.
The person being discussed may laugh too—
but that does not always mean they are enjoying it.
What am I doing?
Make Fun Of
What is Infinitive in Grammar?
To + Base Verb
Which tenses should we change to if the direct speech use the tenses below?
-Present Perfect
-is/am/are going to
Present Perfect -> Past Perfect
is/am/are going to -> was/were going to
Direct speech:
Emma said, “I was waiting for you here yesterday.”
Reported statement:
Emma said that she ______ waiting for me ______.
A. was / yesterday
B. had been / yesterday
C. would be / the previous day
D. had been / the previous day
D. had been / the previous day
Direct speech:
Michael said, “I have been working on this project since Monday.”
Reported statement:
Michael said that he ______ been working on ______ project since Monday.
A. has / this
B. had / this
C. had / that
D. would / that
C. had / that
I need neither fists nor weapons to cause a reaction.
Sometimes a single sentence is enough.
I can be accidental, intentional, justified, or completely unreasonable.
Curiously, the stronger my effect, the less calm the other person becomes.
What do I do?
Make Someone Angry
I prepare myself for something that has not happened yet.
I may be disappointed if reality refuses to follow my prediction.
Sometimes I simply think something is likely;
other times, I demand that it happen because I believe it should.
What am I?
Expect
Direct speech:
Sarah said, “I have been working on this project since Monday, but I haven’t finished it yet. I will submit it tomorrow.”
Reported statement:
Sarah said that she ________ on the project since Monday, but she ________ it yet and ________ it the following day.
A. had been working / hadn't finished / would submit
B. was working / didn't finish / would submit
C. had worked / hadn't finished / will submit
D. had been working / didn't finish / will submit
A. had been working / hadn't finished / would submit
Direct speech:
James said, “I wasn't expecting the meeting to take so long. By the time it ends, I will have been sitting here for nearly three hours, and I still haven't received the information I need.”
Reported statement:
James said that he ________ the meeting to take so long. By the time it ended, he ________ there for nearly three hours, and he ________ the information he needed.
A. hadn't been expecting / would be sitting / still didn't receive
B. wasn't expecting / would have been sitting / still hadn't received
C. hadn't been expecting / would have been sitting / still hadn't received
D. wasn't expecting / would have sat / still hadn't received
C. hadn't been expecting / would have been sitting / still hadn't received
Direct speech:
Emma said, “I have been waiting here since eight o'clock, but nobody has told me why the meeting was cancelled.”
Reported speech:
Emma said that she ______ been waiting ______ since eight o'clock, but nobody ______ told her why the meeting had been cancelled.
A. had / there / had
B. has / there / has
C. had / here / had
D. would have / there / had
A. had / there / had
I cannot guarantee that something will happen,
yet I can greatly reduce the chance of it going wrong.
Before you leave, you might do me to the door.
Before an exam, you might do me to your answers.
Before sending an important message, you might do me to the recipient's name.
What am I asking you to do?
Make Sure
I speak before the danger arrives.
My purpose is not necessarily to frighten you,
but to make you reconsider what you are about to do.
Ignore me, and the consequence I mentioned may become reality.
What am I?
Warn
Direct speech:
Emma said, “I have been trying to contact David since yesterday, but he hasn't replied. I will call him again tomorrow because I need to discuss something important with him.”
Reported statement:
Emma said that she __________ to contact David since the previous day, but he __________. She added that she __________ him again the following day because she __________ to discuss something important with him.
- had been trying
- hadn't replied
- would call
- needed
Direct speech:
Michael said, “I had already completed the report before my manager asked me to make several changes. I was working on the revised version when she called me this morning, and I will have finished everything by tomorrow.”
Reported statement:
Michael said that he __________ the report before his manager __________ him to make several changes. He added that he __________ on the revised version when she __________ him that morning, and he __________ everything by the following day.
- had already completed
- had asked
- had been working
- had called
- would have finished
Direct speech:
Olivia said, “I had already completed the report before my manager asked me to change it. I have been working on the revised version since yesterday, and I will have finished it by tomorrow.”
Reported speech:
Olivia said that she __________ already completed the report before her manager __________ her to change it. She added that she __________ been working on the revised version since the previous day and __________ have finished it by the following day.
- was / then / hadn't / would
- had / there / hadn't / would
- had been / couldn't / would / the following day
- had / / had been / now
- had / had asked / had / would
I may be tiny enough to overlook,
yet powerful enough to change an outcome.
I do not necessarily alter the whole situation—
sometimes I merely turn “almost” into “enough.”
I cannot always be seen, but people notice when I am absent.
What am I?
Make A Difference
I cannot guarantee that you will succeed,
and I cannot do the difficult thing in your place.
Instead, I give you enough confidence to attempt it yourself.
When fear whispers “give up,”
I am the voice that says “try again.”
What am I?
Encourage
Rewrite the following direct speech as reported speech.
Olivia said, “I have never missed a deadline before, but I am struggling with this project now. If I don't finish it tonight, I will have to explain everything to my manager tomorrow.”
Olivia said that she had never missed a deadline before, but she was struggling with that project then. She added that if she didn't finish it that night, she would have to explain everything to her manager the following day.
Rewrite the following direct speech as reported speech.
Daniel said, “I was planning to finish the presentation yesterday, but I haven't had enough time. I will work on it tonight, and I hope I can send it to you tomorrow.”
Daniel said that he had been planning to finish the presentation the previous day, but he hadn't had enough time. He added that he would work on it that night and that he hoped he could send it to me the following day.
Rewrite the following direct speech as reported speech.
Daniel said, “I have been trying to contact Sarah since yesterday, but she hasn’t replied to any of my messages. I will call her again tonight, and if she still doesn’t answer, I will speak to her tomorrow.”
Daniel said that he had been trying to contact Sarah since the previous day, but she hadn’t replied to any of his messages. He added that he would call her again that night, and if she still didn’t answer, he would speak to her the following day.
I can repair what was broken without glue,
invent what never happened without being a liar,
and become something you put on your face without being a mask.
I can even follow an argument between two people.
What am I?
I do not force your hand,
yet somehow your decision becomes mine to influence.
I may use logic, emotion, evidence, or carefully chosen words.
When I succeed, you do something because you have been convinced—
not because you were physically compelled.
What am I?
Persuade