Alcohol
Most of the body’s alcohol processing enzymes are found in the
Liver
What are protective factors in food called?
Phytochemicals
The prevalence of food insecurity on college campuses in the United States is about how many times the national average?
Four times
The _____ is an indirect assessment of body fat that measures a ratio of body weight (in kilograms [kg]) to height (in meters squared [m2]).
BMI (Body Mass Index)
_____ factors are those from within the body that influence feelings of hunger or satiety.
Internal
Drinking alcohol can cause what to accumulate in the liver?
Fat
Name 3 dietary factors that may increase risk of cancer:
- High fat intake
- High saturated fat intake
- High alcohol intake
- High intake of salt-cured, char-broiled, pickled or smoked foods
- Low intake of fruits and/or vegetables
- Low intake of whole-grains
- Low fiber intake
In the USA, in what region is prevalence of food insecurity the highest?
The rural south
Approximately ___% of adults in the United States are classified as overweight or obese.
~73% (~3/4)
This part of the brain receives many signals that influence food intake control.
Hypothalamus
What is the major alcohol processing enzyme?
Alcohol dehydrogenase
What 3 nutrients function as antioxidants?
- Vitamin C
- Vitamin E
- Beta-Carotene
List 3 consequences of food insecurity
- Nutritional deficiency
- Increased risk of chronic disease
- Negative psychosocial effects
What are the two "critical periods" in fat cell development?
- 3rd trimester of fetal development to 1 year
- Adolescent growth spurt (~12-14 years)
What is one example of an external factor that influences food intake?
- Time of day
- Temperature
- Eating cues
What are the current guidelines for alcohol in drinks per day?
Less than 1 drink a day for biological females and less than 2 drinks a day for biological males
Foods (or beverages) that provide a good amount of one or more essential nutrients relative to the number of calories per serving are called
Nutrient-dense
What is the difference between food security and nutrition security?
Nutrition security includes the addition of adequate sanitation, health services, and care
This type of fat surrounds body organs and in excess poses greater health risks.
Visceral Fat
SPECIAL QUESTION
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How do leptin and ghrelin influence feelings of hunger?
Ghrelin: increases hunger
Leptin: decreases hunger
What are the 4 ways alcohol impacts nutritional status?
- Ingestion
- Metabolism
- Absorption
- Excretion
What are the stages of cancer development in chronological order?
1) Initiation
2) Promotion
3) Progression
Which of the four pillars of international food security?
- Availability
- Accessibility
- Utilization
- Stability
This theory refers to how fat cells like to be filled to a certain size.
Set Point Theory
How does sleep deprivation influence food intake control?
Sleep deprivation leads to low appetite in the morning and increased feelings of hunger later in the day, making us more likely to indulge in higher-calorie, low-nutrient-density options.