Macromolecules and Enzymes
Cell Structure and Function
Cell Cycle and Mitosis
DNA and RNA
Cancer and Cell Control
Replication, Transcription, and Translation
100
The monomers of carbohydrates
What are monosaccharides?
100
The organelle responsible for converting food (glucose) into energy (ATP)
What is the Mitochondria?
100
The phase of the cell cycle where DNA is replicated
What is the S Phase?
100
The molecule that drives DNA replication
What is DNA polymerase?
100
The normal function of a tumor suppressor like BRCA1
What is to control and regulate cell division?
100
The definition of a codon
What is a sequence of three nucleotides on an mRNA molecule that codes for a specific amino acid?
200
The meaning of the term hydrophobic
What is water-fearing?
200
A key difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
What is that eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotes do not?
200
The stage of the cell cycle during which the two daughter cells split from one another
What is Cytokinesis?
200
The molecule that drives DNA replication
What is RNA polymerase?
200
The normal function of a proto-oncogene like RAS
What is to stimulate cell division?
200
The base pair complement for the DNA sequence ATGC
What is TACG?
300
The process that joins monomers together by removing a water molecule
What is dehydration synthesis?
300
The primary component of the cell membrane, which has hydrophobic tails and a hydrophilic head
What is the phospholipid bilayer?
300
The role of the G1 checkpoint
What is to check the DNA for damage and determine if the cell should commit to division?
300
The nucleotide base Thymine in DNA is replaced by this in RNA
What is Uracil?
300
What happens if a tumor suppressor gene like BRCA1 is mutated
What is that the cell will divide uncontrollably, possibly leading to cancer?
300
The transcribed mRNA sequence for the DNA strand TACCAGTTGG
What is AUGGUCAACC
400
The basic structure of an amino acid
What is an amino group, a carboxyl group, and an R-group?
400
The location where translation (building the amino acid chain) occurs in the cell
What is the Ribosome?
400
The names of the four stages of mitosis
What are Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase?
400
One structural difference between DNA and RNA
What is that DNA is double-stranded and RNA is single-stranded?
400
What would happen if the proto-oncogene RAS was mutated
What is that the proto-oncogene would be stuck in the "on" position and promote uncontrolled cell division? (Slam on the gas pedal)
400
The amino acid sequence for the mRNA strand AUGUUACCA
What is Met-Leu-Pro?
500
How enzymes speed up chemical reactions
What is lowering the activation energy of the reaction?
500
The role of apoptosis in the cell cycle
What is to eliminate damaged or unnecessary cells?
500
What can happen if cell cycle checkpoints don't function properly
What is uncontrolled cell growth and cancer?
500
A comparison/contrast of the functions of DNA and RNA
What is that DNA stores genetic information and RNA helps carry out the instructions for building proteins?
500
Three specific ways cancer cells differ from normal cells
What is that cancer cells are often unspecialized, they ignore cell cycle checkpoints, they undergo uncontrolled cell division, and/or they avoid apoptosis?
500
The amino acid sequence for the mRNA strand AUGGUCAACCUAG
What is Met-Val-Asp-Stop