Radiation
What is the main purpose of radiation therapy?
To reduce the size of tumors
What are anti-neoplastic drugs used for?
To destroy cancer cells.
What virus attacks the immune system in HIV?
The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).
What is heart failure (HF)?
A condition where the heart is unable to pump effectively.
What is anemia?
A condition characterized by a deficiency in red blood cells or hemoglobin.
What is brachytherapy?
A type of internal radiation therapy where a radioactive source is placed next to or inside the tumor.
What is a potential side effect of chemotherapy related to blood cells?
Neutropenia, a decrease in neutrophils in the blood.
What is the normal range for CD4 T-cell counts?
Between 500 and 1500 cells/mm³.
What are common risk factors for hypertension?
Family history, high sodium intake, obesity, and smoking.
What causes hemolytic anemia?
The destruction of red blood cells.
What should not be washed off during radiation treatment?
The markings used to target the radiation site.
How is GCSF used in chemotherapy?
To stimulate bone marrow production of neutrophils.
What is the purpose of antiretroviral therapy (ART)?
To slow the progression of HIV to AIDS.
What is a left-sided heart failure characterized by?
Pulmonary congestion and fluid backup into the lungs.
What is thrombocytopenia and how can it affect a patient?
A low platelet count that can lead to easy bruising and bleeding.
What is a common side effect of radiation therapy?
Local skin irritation or fatigue.
What is thrombocytopenia?
A condition characterized by low platelet count, increasing the risk of bleeding.
Name one mode of HIV transmission.
Blood contact, sexual contact, or from mother to child.
What diagnostic tool is most important for evaluating heart function?
An echocardiogram.
What is the primary difference between vascular hypertension and essential hypertension?
Vascular hypertension is often secondary to other conditions, while essential hypertension has no identifiable cause.
What is the difference between external and internal radiation?
External radiation targets the tumor from outside the body, while internal radiation delivers radiation directly to the tumor site.
What are common symptoms of severe chemotherapy reactions?
Fever, infection, and easy bruising due to blood cell count changes.
What is the significance of a CD4 count below 200?
It indicates a diagnosis of AIDS.
What is the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure?
ystolic pressure is the force of blood against artery walls during heartbeats, while diastolic pressure is during resting periods between beats.
What is the role of anticoagulants in blood disorders?
To prevent blood clots from forming in patients with certain conditions.