Energy
What is the SI unit of energy?
Joules
What do we call the process of breaking food into small, soluble molecules?
Digestion
Name the six main types of food substances.
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals, dietary fibre.
Crude oil is mainly a mixture of what?
Hydrocarbons
What is the capital of France?
Paris
Which form of energy is stored by an object raised above the ground?
Gravitational potential energy (GPE).
Which organ produces bile and what does bile do?
Liver; emulsifies fats into tiny droplets.
What type of carbohydrate tastes sweet and is water‑soluble? Give one example.
Sugars; e.g., glucose/fructose/sucrose/lactose.
What is a hydrocarbon?
A compound containing only hydrogen and carbon.
Which planet is known as the Red Planet?
Mars
State the formula for gravitational potential energy.
GPE = m × g × h.
Which organ stores bile?
Gallbladder
Starch is insoluble and not sweet; name two starchy foods.
Examples: rice, wheat, potatoes, taro.
What is the general formula relating H and C for alkanes?
CnH2n+2 (H = 2C + 2).
Who wrote “Romeo and Juliet”?
William Shakespeare.
State the formula for kinetic energy.
KE = ½ m v²
What does the stomach secrete and which nutrient begins digestion there?
Strong acid and enzymes; proteins.
What are the building blocks of proteins?
Amino Acids
How do boiling point and viscosity change as hydrocarbon chain length increases?
Both increase (and color darkens, flammability decreases).
What is the largest ocean on Earth?
The Pacific Ocean.
On Earth, what is g (gravitational field strength) approximately?
g = 9.81
Which organ releases enzymes for proteins, fats, and carbohydrates and bicarbonate to neutralize acid?
Pancreas
Besides energy storage, give two functions of lipids.
nsulation under skin; protection/shock absorption for organs; components of membranes; some hormones.
What process separates crude oil into fractions and what property does it use?
Fractional distillation; different boiling points.
How many continents are there on Earth?
Seven
State the law of conservation of energy.
Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it transforms; total energy stays constant in an isolated system.
Give two differences between mechanical and chemical digestion.
Mechanical: physical breakdown, no chemical change, increases surface area; Chemical: enzymes break bonds, molecules’ structure changes.
Name one deficiency disease each from lack of calcium, iron, and iodine.
Rickets; anaemia; goitre.
In a fractionating tower, do small hydrocarbons condense higher or lower?
Higher, cooler levels.
In computing, what does “CPU” stand for?
CPU
Water falls 261 m in a dam (ignore losses). Estimate speed at the bottom.
About 71.6 m/s.
Name the four types of human teeth and a primary function of each.
ncisors—cutting; Canines—tearing; Premolars—crushing/grinding; Molars—crushing/grinding.
How does dietary fibre help prevent constipation and cardiovascular disease?
Stimulates movement and holds water to soften faeces; some fibre lowers blood lipid levels.
In cracking, what are the usual products of a long alkane? Give an example.
A shorter alkane + an alkene; e.g., heptane → pentane + ethene.
The Great Barrier Reef is off the coast of which country?
Australia