vocabulary
tenacity
quality of being determined or of holding fast
central ideas in informational text
To determine a central idea, you must determine what the author most wants you to remember about what you are reading.
revising for content
finding information that can be replaced with
reading works of public advocacy
Public advocacy is the act of influencing those who make decisions on law or public policy in order to improve society, further equality, or advance the cause of an organization or group of people.
A work of public advocacy is a text that is considered to have been historically significant in its attempt to persuade policy makers. Policy makers can be government representatives—like members of Congress—or voters before an election. Anyone who has a say in the creation of law or policy is the audience for a work of public advocacy.
Works of public advocacy typically use powerful rhetorical techniques in an attempt to shape or advance society in some way. Such works often make appeals to pathos, ethos, and logos. They have been instrumental in effecting important changes in society.
revising for style
allows you to fix your writing and take out errors and makes the project look nice.
autonomy
state of being able to make personal choices and act on them
hidden meanings
When readers encounter an ambiguous portion of a text, they should question its purpose and implications based on the presented information. To determine textual ambiguities in this excerpt, readers should ask themselves some questions:
objective summary
using the main idea to help write a well thought out summary about the text
rhetorical features
As you begin to analyze these rhetorical features, consider these questions:
understanding audience
trying to persuade the audience to side with you
incumbency
state of currently occupying an office
understanding text structure
Writers write for different purposes. For example, an author may write to explain a process, to illustrate how multiple things are alike and different, to persuade or make an argument, or to tell a story. To achieve their purpose, writers use many tools, including structural elements and organizational text structures.
finding evidence
using the web to find information a topic that goes with the prompt.
using references an avoiding syntax errors
One advantage of an online dictionary over a hardcopy version is that when you type a word to search, you do not need to know the exact spelling to arrive at the word you want. If what you enter does not match an actual dictionary entry, the search function will typically display a list of similar word options that might lead you to the word you wanted.
editing and publishing
really allows you to out the wow factor on what you are writing
pluralism
a state of society in which diverse groups participate
rhetoric and persuasive
is the art of persuasion, and authors persuade their audiences by using figurative language, word choice, word connotation, and rhetorical appeals such as ethos, pathos, and logos. Authors use these strategies to create and support powerful arguments that are meant to persuade audiences. This activity contains some examples of figurative language and word connotation used as rhetoric, and focuses on the rhetorical appeal of logos.
developing a thesis statement
making a hook of a first sentence to grab the readers attention.
analyzing legal reasoning
using text to find reasonings to produce a factual summary.
types of evidence
As you read through a text to plan the writing of your objective summary, note what kind of evidence is used throughout the work. Remember that evidence includes facts, definitions, quotations, concrete details, and statistics or data. When you note that an author uses one of these evidence types, think again about the author’s purpose and intended audience.
indemnity
protection against loss or damage
elements of an argument
Argument is a logical approach to persuasion and rhetoric. It uses logos, rather than pathos or ethos. Learning about a model of argument called the Toulmin Model will help you evaluate the validity of arguments.
body and conclusion
main parts of the essay that incorporate the main idea and restates the introduction
using language and punctuation to enhance style
using this allows you to sound more formal and allows the summary or essay to flow nicely.
introduction and body
helps filter out bad info and allows for you to make a thesis statement to hook the reader