Anatomical Terms & Positions
If my patient is lying on the bed face up, I would describe this as what in medical language?
Supine or laying on their posterior with anterior facing up
Where are the youngest skin cells on the epidermis?
At that base or basal layer of the epidermis
What are the 4 chambers of the human heart called?
Right and Left Atria and Right and Left Ventricle
Name the 3 parts of the Pelvic girdle or bones.
Ishium
Illium
Pubis
Name the 3 types of muscle in the Human Body and an example of where each are located.
Smooth = inside passageways of our body, fallopian tubes, esophagus, small intestine, etc.
Cardiac= Heart
Skeletal = attached to bones, Bicep, Tricep, etc.
List 2 places in the inferior region of the body where pulse could be taken, using Medical and Anatomical Terms.
Femoral Pulse
Inguinal Pulse
Popliteal Pulse
Pedal Pulse
Which type of cell division is known as somatic cell division and produces a majority of our bodies genetically complete cells?
Mitosis, produces diploid cells, or exact replicas of the cell it came from
Which side of the heart is low in Oxygen, which is high?
The right side is low in O2, its coming from the upper and lower body where all of the Oxygen has been used up. The left side is high in Oxygen because it has just come from the lungs and gained O2.
A patient is receiving PT for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, where is this issue located in the body?
Carpals are your wrist bones, in the wrist. It's a repetitive motion injury.
A shot putter on the track team has her best throw of the season, but feels pain or tearing in their muscles during and after their throw. They go to the AT and upon examination it is determined that their __________ and ____________ muscles have been pulled.
Pectoralis
Trapezius
Abdominus Rectus
My patient has a sharp pain that will not go away in the RLQ. What condition might you suspect?
Appendicitis
Give the meaning of 3 of the letters in the CLGSB acronym, which covers the layers of the epidermis.
Corneum
Lucidum
Granulosum
Spinosum
Basal
Give 3 facts that you know about the Heart as an organ.
Answers may vary:
It is a muscle, the myocardium
It has 4 chambers
It has vessels that lead in and out of it (Aorta and Vena Cava are largest)
It has a wall or septum that divides the two sides
Patient arrives in the ER complaining of pain in the medial thoracic region, and lateral to the midline. Upon examination, you find bruising of the upper chest or thorax and the patient is feeling a lack of stability. It is determined that the patient has a sprain, what type of sprain is it? (Think bones in this area)
A sternoclavicular sprain
What are the two proteins that need to connect in order for a muscle to contract?
Actin and Myosin
Patient in ER presents with Fx to the distal superior phallanx and laceration of the volar surface. Explain the main 2 injuries that this patient has.
Fracture of the furthest finger or pinky finger, and a cut or tear to the inside of the hand.
What are two of the glands in the skin called and what are their functions?
Sebaceous glands produce oil to keep our skin moist and provide a protective layer
Eccrine and Apocrine glands are our sweat glands
What are the different parts of the EKG telling us about the heart?
The P- wave, or first wave is the atrial depolarization, second part is the QRS complex and this is the ventricular depolarization or when the ventricles are contracting to expel blood from the heart, and last wave is the T-wave and is the Ventricular repolarization (when the ventricle resets and is not contracting)
Name 3 bones in the Axial Skeleton and 3 bones in the appendicular skeleton.
Answers will vary
increasing the size of the motor unit recruited (small, medium and large) and increasing the frequency of the stimulation. The brain increases the frequency of the signals to the muscle and more motor units are recruited which produces a smoother more powerful contraction.
Show me Anatomical Position and explain why we use it in the Medical Field.
Show it
Use it as a starting point for talking about body position so we have a reference for different positions and location of body parts and regions.
Where are the nerves in our skin located? What do they allow us to feel?
They are located in both the epidermis and dermis and allow us to feel pain, pressure, touch, etc.
What are 2 conditions of the cardiovascular system? Explain what is happening anatomically when these conditions are experienced.
Answers will vary
A patient has a diagnosis of Osteoporosis. Explain what is happening and why, using the concepts of Osteoclasts and Osteoblasts. Which of these do you think is under working and which is over working of this pair that work to construct bone tissue?
In Osteoporosis, bone resorption (Osteoclasts) is happening at a faster rate than the bone remodeling (Osteoblasts) resulting in decreased bone density and increased fragility of the bones.
Here it is, the one you've been waiting for: List 5 steps to explain the process of muscle contraction. You've got this!
1) Stimulus sent from motor neuron to the muscle fiber.
2) Once stimulus gets to the muscle fiber, triggers release of calcium ions in the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum to allow the calcium to bind to Troponin (one of the body guards that then steps off and opens up binding site). Troponin takes Tropomyosin with it. Body guards taken care of.
3) Myosin heads bend, pulling actin along and and cause a power stroke (sarcomere shortens). Need ATP to be broken down to do this).
4) New ATP binds with Myosin causes A & M to detach, from the Actin filament.
5) Myosin head reenergizes, ready to bind with new Actin.