The Age of Exploration and Rivalries
Which European nation was considered the superpower of the time and was strongly Catholic?
Spain
Which side of the exchange (Old World or New World) is said to have benefited the least from the Columbian Exchange?
The New World
What were the Spanish explorers who focused on conquering and enslaving natives called?
Conquistadores
Who provided the charter for the Virginia Company to establish a colony in Virginia?
King James I
What was the primary motivation for the Pilgrims to leave England and establish the Plymouth Colony?
To practice and enforce their faith without religious persecution
Which three nations were the primary rivals racing for land in the New World?
England, France, and Spain
By approximately what percentage did the native population crash during the first century of European contact?
80–90%
How did the Spanish king use the gold and silver (plunder) taken from the New World?
To fund other wars in Europe
Out of the original 104 settlers, what were the two main backgrounds of the men who arrived?
Rich "gentlemen" who had never worked and beggars sent by force
What document did the men of the Plymouth Colony sign to establish a system of self-government?
The Mayflower Compact
What was the "one responsibility" given to the Spanish monarch by the Pope regarding the inhabitants of the Western Hemisphere?
To convert all inhabitants to the Catholic faith
Name three specific diseases that were introduced to the Americas from the Old World.
(Any three) Smallpox, measles, mumps, malaria, typhus, etc.
What was the primary resource the French established a friendly trade network to obtain?
Animal furs
What specific cash crop was discovered in 1617 that transformed Jamestown into a successful society?
Tobacco
Which Native American individual is credited with helping the Pilgrims survive by teaching them how to fish and plant crops?
Squanto
Based on the 1492 world map shown in the presentation, what major landmasses were missing from the European "expectation" of the world?
North America, South America, Australia, and Antarctica
Identify two items that were sent to the Americas and two items that were sent to Europe/Africa/Asia during the exchange.
To Americas: (Any two) Horses, cattle, wheat, coffee, etc. To Europe: (Any two) Corn, potatoes, tobacco, turkeys, etc.
Which European nation is noted for maintaining the most positive relationship with Native Americans?
France (New France)
What was the name of the first representative government assembly formed by the rich landowners in Jamestown?
The House of Burgesses
How did the makeup of the Puritan "family units" differ from the original settlers of Jamestown?
Puritans arrived in family units and were mostly middle class/educated, whereas Jamestown began with only men (gentlemen and beggars)
When Christopher Columbus "discovered" America in 1492, did it mean no other Europeans had ever seen it before?
No; it just meant they were the first ones the Spanish had heard of
Why did disease epidemics like smallpox spread so rapidly among native populations?
The natives had no natural immunity to these diseases
Why was Spain unable to invest in building "healthy" colonies despite their massive wealth?
The money was used up quickly to fund European wars rather than being reinvested
Under the indentured servant system, how many years did a person have to work before they were freed and given land?
3 years
What was the name of the colony established "next door" to Plymouth in 1630 during the Great Migration?
Massachusetts Bay