Social Studies
Painting and drawing on stone or cave walls that depict words or ideas.
A large area of land with multiple city-states, where a single ruler, usually a powerful king, held full political control.
Empire
People who bought and sold goods, traveling along established trade routes to move them from one place to another.
Merchant
One of the two major rivers, alongside the Tigris, that formed the fertile land between them
Euphrates River
One of the two major rivers, alongside the Euphrates, that formed the fertile land between them.
Tigris River
An ancient civilization founded in the Mesopotasmia region of the Fertile Crescent situated between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.
Sumer
An ancient writing system that was used in the Middle East for over 3,000 years. The word cuneiform comes from the Latin word cuneus, which means "wedge"
Cuneiform
A group of people with similar amounts of power and money due to their birth or job.
Social Class
A complex society with cities, a government, religion, a writing system, different jobs, and advanced technologies, all developed by people living together in settled communities.
Civilization
A skilled worker who made goods such as tools, cloth, and weapons.
Artisan
The geographical region where the Mesopotamian civilization developed, it's the land between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. Today it's modern-day Iraq, parts of eastern Syria, and southeastern Turkey or known as The Middle East.
Southwest Asia
A tiered, pyramid-shaped temple tower built that served as a religious and architectural structure.
Ziggurat
Earth walls built along the sides of rivers to prevent flooding and to provide water for irrigation.
Levee
The system of producing, distributing, and consuming goods and services within a society, primarily focused on agriculture, household production, and limited trade, often characterized by bartering (exchange a good for another).
Economy