Grid
Correct spotting verbiage for (range, HOB, deviation)
Graze, Air, Mixed
over, short, Tgt, range correct, doubtful
Line, right/left
Shift factor vs OT factor when is it used and what is it expressed to?
Shift Factor – expressed to the nearest tenth, only used for the initial CFF in Shift from known point, once you begin correction, revert to OT factor.
OT Factor – expressed to the nearest whole number
How many transmissions are in a standard cff and what are the elements
First Transmission
• Observer Identification
• Warning Order
Second Transmission
• Target Location
Third Transmission
• Target Description
• Method of Engagement
• Method of Fire/Control
Conditions for Entering the FFE Phase for Artillery/ Mortars
• Adjusting Round has effect
• Splitting 100m bracket
• Splitting 200m bracket when PER is 38m or greater, or when firing
DPICM, M825 or FASCAM
15 subsequent corrections in order
1. Direction 2. Danger close 3. Trajectory 4. Method of Fire 5. Distribution 6. Shell 7. Fuse 8. Volume of Fire 9. Deviation 10. Range 11. HOB 12. Target Description 13. Change in type of mission/ control 14. Splash 15. Repeat
WRm Formula
W= R x Mils
W:Lateral shift in meters
R: Estimated OT distance divided by 1,000sand expressed (OT Factor)
Mils: Angular deviation in mils
Elements of MTO for a standard call for fire
Unit(s) to fire
a) Fire for Effect
b) In Adjustment
2. Changes to the CFF
3. Number of Rds in FFE
4. Target number
Types of target ( in target description)
– Point [-]: Length < 200m Width < 200m
– Rectangular: Length > 200m Width > 200m Attitude 0000-3200mils, but less than 3200 and expressed in 100 mil increments.
– Linear: Length > 200m Width < 200m Attitude 0000-3200mils, but less than 3200 and expressed in 100 mil increments.
– Circular: Radius > 100m
– Irregular: Target location at center of target, length and attitude are given as well. Dimensions can be anything that don’t match one of the other types of targets.
EOM Statement
Refinement
Record as Target
End of Mission
Surveillance
Order of spotting and corrections and proper letter to number format
Spotting: HOB, Range, Deviation (number before the letter)
Correction: Deviation, Range, HOB
(Number before the Letter)
4 types of range corrections ( bracketing ) + visual demonstration
Successive bracketing
Hasty Bracketing
One - Round Adjustment
Creeping fire
Methods of measuring direction and distance and precision
direction METHOD
1. Using a Compass - 10mils
2. Precision Measuring Devices - 1mil
3. Measuring from a Ref Pt- 5 mil
-Reticle Patterns (Binos) - 5mils
-Hand Measurement- varies
4. Scaling from a Map- 10 mils
5. Estimating- varies
Distance Method
1. Laser - 10 m
2. Flash To Bang - approximate
3. Estimation - 100m
–-Mental
–-Good Visibility
–-Known Dimensions
-Terrain Study
Elements Method of fire and method of control
Method of Fire
[-] 1 Gun Adjust
(-) 2 Gun Adjust
(-) Btry/Plt Left/Right
Method of Control
[-] When Ready
(-) At My Command
(-) By Round At My Command (-) Do Not Load
(-) Cannot Observe
(-) Time on Target
(-) Continuous Illumination
(-) Coordinated Illumination* (-) Cease Loading*
(-) Check Firing*
(-) Continuous Fire
(-) Repeat*
SLoCTOP
• S – Security
• Lo – Location
• C – Communication
• T – Targeting
• O – Observation
• P – Position Improvement
Fuse Time HOB corrections
• If spotting is “GRAZE” and there has been no previous airburst, the automatic correction is “U40”
• If spotting is “GRAZE” and there has been a previous airburst, the automatic correction is “U20”
• If the round results in a measurable airburst, correct to 20 meter HOB
• NEVER REQUEST FFE from a graze burst or when the HOB correction is greater than 40 meters.
Smoke used in Mortars and Artillery
Mortars
• White Phosphorus Smoke
• Red Phosphorus Smoke (only 81s)
Artillery
• White Phosphorus Smoke
• M825 Improved Smoke
• Note: Hexachloroethane Smoke is a legacy round and no longer actively used.
Steps for Construction of a Terrain Sketch
1. Draw the sky line
2. Draw intermediate crests, hills, and ridges
3. Draw in natural terrain features
4. Draw in man-made features
5. Label the terrain sketch
Smoke planning considerations
Build Time
Weather
Terrain
Means Available
Ammunition
The Enemy
Desired Effects
Immediate smoke vs quick smoke cff transmision ( #transmissions and it’s elements)
Quick smoke:
First Transmission
• Observer Identification (No Change)
• Warning Order (No Change)
Second Transmission
• Target Location (No Change)
Third Transmission
• Target Description (Screen/Obscure)
• Method of Engagement (Length of Smoke Screen, Maneuver-Target Line, Wind
Direction, Desired Time and Duration, Desired Smoke Effects) L-M-Dir-T . Shell
Type
• Method of Fire/Control
Immediate Smoke
First Transmission
• • •
Observer Identification (No Change) Warning Order (Immediate smoke) Target Location (No Change)
Field Artillery Fire Control Options and description
Centralized – CFFs are sent through the BN FDC and they decide which firing battery to send the mission to.
Autonomous – CFFs are sent directly to the firing battery.
Mtl def and accuracy
MTL - An imaginary line drawn from the maneuver unit’s most vulnerable point along its route of march to the threat unit’s observation point. Measured as a horizontal clockwise angle from grid North.
• Determined to an accuracy of 10 mils
M825 HOB corrections
M825
• Graze/Firing Data Correct – Up 100
• Thick/Dense Separate Clouds – Up 50
• Thin/Uneven Clouds – Down 50
pg 6-39
Minimum Adjustments of Illumination
• Range corrections = 200m (100m increments)
• Deviation corrections = 200m (100m increments)
• HOB = 50m (50m increments)
Trigger and Intercept Point Considerations
MissionReactionTimes
• Priority Target – to 60 seconds
• On-callTarget–90to120seconds
• TargetsofOpportunity–150to180
seconds
Determine Target Direction and Speed
(Should be able to explain how each method works)
• EstimationMethod
• Lasing Method
• ReticlePatternMethod
• Laser Range Method