Human Factors
Most aviation accidents are primarily caused by this.
What are Human factors?
Situational awareness includes these three levels.
What is perception, comprehension, and projection?
A condition with the potential to cause harm.
IMSAFE Checklist.
What is Illness, Medication, Stress, Alcohol, Fatigue, Emotion?
Weather and ATC delays are examples of this in TEM.
What are threats.
This phase of flight has one of the highest accident rates due to workload and low altitude.
What is takeoff or landing?
Focusing only on programming the GPS and missing altitude is an example of this.
What is fixation or loss of situational awareness?
Likelihood multiplied by severity equals this.
What is risk?
Weather and terrain belong to this part of PAVE.
What is enVironment?
Misreading a chart is an example of this.
What is an error?
Why do we study human factors?
What is to reduce human errors and improve pilot-decision making?
When workload exceeds a pilot’s ability to manage tasks, this occurs.
What is task saturation?
The possibility of CFIT because of low ceilings is this.
What is a risk?
Get-there-itis belongs to this part of PAVE.
What are external pressures.
An unstable approach is an example of this. (aircraft state)
What is an undesired aircraft state?
This is the leading cause of aviation accidents.
If a pilot notices deteriorating weather but fails to understand what it means, which level of SA is lost?
What is comprehension?
What determines whether a hazard becomes high risk?
What is likelihood and severity?
If a pilot hasn’t flown in 90 days and plans a night cross-country, which PAVE category is most concerning?
What is Pilot?
Using ATC, passengers, checklists, and automation reflects this concept.
What is Crew Resource Management?
In the swiss cheese model, this is the final barrier before an accident occurs.
What is the pilot?
Give an example of projection during a VFR flight.
What is anticipating worsening weather, fuel status, traffic conflicts, or an unstable approach. (Examples)?
You are planning a VFR cross-country. The weather is legal but marginal, you are slightly fatigued, and the destination airport has rising terrain nearby. Name 2 hazards.
What are marginal ceilings, fatigue, and terrain?
A fatigued pilot behind schedule sees lowering ceilings and decides to “try it and see.”
Name two risk management tools that should have prevented this decision.
What is IMSAFE and PAVE?
SRM is specifically designed for this type of operation.
Single-pilot operations.