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Hypothesis Testing

100

this hypothesis says there is no relationship between variables

null hypothesis

200

A hypothesis that predicts a relationship between two variables but does not specify the direction of the relationship.

two-tailed hypothesis

300

an alternative hypothesis in which the researcher predicts the direction of the expected difference between the groups

one-tailed hypothesis

400

This is the name of the shaded part of the distribution

region of rejection

500

A criterion of p < .05 indicates that there is less than a 5% chance that the results were due to this

chance alone

Rationale for Correlation Studies

100

Not being able to assign people to live in poverty

ethics

200

Gathering preliminary data for a larger study

pilot study

300

Checking multiple measures of a single construct

assess measurements of validity and reliability

400

A descriptive study is not enough

supplement other designs

500

Applying findings to a large group

increased external validity

Correlation: The Basics

100

This is not implied

causation

200

This type is used when you have one interval/ratio variable and one dichotomous variable

point-biserial correlation correlation

300

This occurs when the top value of a variable is not assessed properly

ceiling effect

400

The number of times a correlation statistic is shown on the SPSS output

Two

500

This is the final click of the dropdown menu on SPSS to run a correlation analysis

bivariate

Correlation:The Statistics

100

This letter represents the correlation statistic

r

200

This is indicated by a positive or negative sign

direction

300

This is represented in the steepness of the slope of the correlation line

strength

400

This is the typical criterion for statistical significance (include the associated letter)

p<.05

500

Describe the strength, direction, and significance: r=.04, p=.06

weak, positive, not significant

Independent Samples t-tests

100

The predictor variable in an independent samples t-test must be nominal and include this many groups

two

200

Homogeneity of variance refers to the fact that the ______ of both groups is similar.

standard deviation 

300

What do you compare your t-value to in order to determine if there is statistical significance?

t-critical value 

400

This test is used to determine homogeneity of variance in SPSS

levene's test

500

You square this as a measure of the effect size for the independent samples

Pearson correlation