Ch. 7.4 Skeletal
Appendicular Skeleton
Forms the shoulder girdle, arm bones, pelvic girdle, and leg bones.
Diaphysis
The long shaft of a long bone
Fontanels
Soft spots" that allow for the enlargement of the skull as brain growth occurs. These are areas where the cranium has not solidified.
Medullary Canal
A cavity in the diaphysis (long shaft of the bone) that is filled with yellow marrow.
Periosteum
A tough membrane that covers the outside of bone. It contains blood vessels, lymph vessels, and osteoblasts (special cells that form new bone tissue).
Axial Skeleton
Forms the main trunk of the body and is composed of the skull, spinal column, ribs, and breastbone
Endosteum
A membrane that lines the medullary canal and keeps the yellow marrow intact. It also produces some bone growth.
Foramina
Openings in bones that allow nerves and blood vessels to enter or leave the bone.
Metacarpals
The five bones that make up the palm of the hand.
Phalanges
The bones that make up the fingers and toes
Carpals
The eight bones that make up the wrist (palm of the hand).
Epiphysis
The two extremities, or ends, of a long bone
Humerus
The upper arm bone
Metatarsals
The five bones of the foot
Radius
One of the lower arm bones (on the thumb side).
Clavicles
The collarbones
Femur
The thigh bone. It is the heavy, long bone of the leg.
Joints
Areas where two or more bones join together.
Os Coxae
The two pelvic bones (coxal, or hip, bones).
Red Marrow
Found in certain bones, such as the vertebrae, ribs, sternum, and cranium, and in the proximal ends of the humerus and femur. It is where hematopoiesis (blood cell production) takes place.
Cranium
The spherical structure that surrounds and protects the brain
Fibula
The slender smaller bone of the lower leg.
Ligaments
Connective tissue bands that help hold bones together at joints.
Patella
The kneecap
Ribs
Attach to the thoracic vertebrae on the dorsal surface of the body