Bony Anatomy
A "bow-legged" appearance of the knees and lower legs indicates what kinematic posture?
What is Genu Varum
Define an Open Kinetic Chain (3 things)
What is :
1- Distal segment freely moving
2- Proximal segment fixed
3- Insertion moves towards origin
What joint classification is the Distal TibioFibular joint?
What is Amphiarthrodial, Syndesmosis
The transverse plane pairs with this axis
What is longitudinal?
What is Arthrokinematic motion?
What are movements of the adjoining joint surfaces on or in relation to one another
What ligament is found on the medial side of the foot?
What is the deltoid ligament?
What decreases the ability of a meniscus to react to hoop stress?
What is a meniscal tear
What is a normal Q angle for men and women?
What is 14 degrees for males and 17 degrees for females?
Define a closed kinetic chain (3 things)
What is:
1- Distal segment fixed
2- Proximally segment moving
3- Origin moves to insertion
What part of the meniscus is vascularized in adults?
What is the Outer edge (10-25% of lat meniscus, 10-30% in med meniscus)
What is the term for the front of the body?
What is Anterior
What movement is occurring at the front ankle during a lunge?
What is Dorsiflexion
What structure is the major passive reinforcement of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot?
What is the plantar aponeurosis?
What injury could occur from a varus stress OR internal tibial rotation?
What is a LCL injury
What is the name of the ankle joint?
What is talocrural or Mortise joint?
What type of kinetic chain movement is a soccer kick? (on the kicking leg)
What is open chain?
Name of the cartilage that is attached to the tibial plateau?
What is the meniscus?
On what plane does Inversion and Eversion occur?
What is the Frontal Plane?
What is the concave on convex rule?
What is Roll and slide or arthrokinematics in SAME directions
This muscle has part of its origin on the coccyx, and its insertion blends with the fibers of tensor fascia lata to form the IT band.
What is gluteus maximus?
Inversion and plantarflexion are most likely the MOI for what injury?
What is inverted ankle sprain
Which bone of the foot or ankle has the sustentaculum tali as a component?
What is the Calcaneus bone?
What action does the Sartorius muscle perform?
What is knee flexion and tibial interior rotation (hip flexion, abduction, and lateral rotation)
What limits extension in the knee
What are the ACL, PCL, MCL AND LCL ligaments
In what plane does flexion and extension occur?
What is Sagittal Plane?
When lowering to neutral from a sidelying clamshell, what is the main muscle used?
What are the Hip ER's (Hip Flexors)
Which muscle is responsible for Knee flexion and external tibial rotation (hip extension)
What is the Biceps femoris?
Most pain from a hip pointer will be at this location.
What are Iliac Crest or ASIS
What does the tibia sit on top of to form the ankle joint?
What is the Talus?
This exercise can be impacted due to decreased dorsiflexion.
What is squatting?
What is the normal range of motion for knee flexion?
What is 135-145 degrees
Which movement of the hindfoot increases rigidity of the midfoot and forefoot?
What is Plantarflexion
What is the movement of the hip when seated and moving your LE/ankle laterally?
What is Hip IR
These two knee flexors are the medial hamstrings
What are semimembranosus and semitendinosus?
Pes planus and overpronation puts you at risk for what ankle injury?
What is everted ankle sprain?
What is the name of the joint at the top of the tibia and fibula
what is the proximal tibiofiublar joint?
What type of kinetic chain is a prone knee extension with toes tucked on table?
What is Closed chain
In what range of knee flexion does the Iliotibial tract act as a knee extensor?
What is 0-30 degrees
On what plane is Abduction/Adduction of the ankle found?
What is the Horizontal/transverse or plane?
Straightening out your leg at the knee is an example of what?
What is extension?
What is the distal attachment of the psoas major muscle?
What is the Lesser Trochanter?
An injury commonly with a gradual onset that may present with catching, groin pain, and restricted ROM at the hip.
What is Labral Tear?
These structures would be affected with posteromedial rotational instability in the knee (no partial credit).
What are the PCL, popliteal ligament, MCL, semimembranosis and joint capsule?
During Pronation in a CLOSED kinetic chain the combined movements are?
What is Calcaneal eversion (Valgus), Talar head adducts, Talar head plantar flexion, Internal rotation of Tibia/Fibula and medial longitudinal arch depresses due to Talar adduction
What is the average amount of normal femoral anteversion?
What is 15 degrees?
What movements of the body occur on the Sagittal Axis?
What are: ABDuction/ADDuction
Radial and Ulnar Deviation
Inversion/Eversion
Which of the arthrokinematic rules does the ankle joint follow in an open chain movement such as dorsiflexion of ankle? (Convex on concave) or (Concave on convex)
What is Convex on concave (Opposite)
What muscle dorsiflexes and inverts the foot?
What is the Tibialis Anterior?
This issue has an insidious onset; can be caused by repetitive knee flexion.
What is IT band syndrome
What ligament connects the tibia and fibula all the way up?
What is the interosseous membrane?
Supination that occurs in Open Kinetic chain combines which movements?
What is Inversion/Varus, Adduction and Plantar Flexion at the Calcaneus
What limits Dorsiflexion, Posterior slide of Talus and Inversion
What is the CalcaneoFibular Ligament
Rotation of the knee occurs in
What is Flexion
Pointing your toe is an example of this movement?
What is plantar flexion?
These two hip abductors have their origins on the lateral ilium and are critical to stance limb stability during walking.
What are gluteus medius and gluteus minimus.
Most common ankle injuries involve _________ at the ankle joint.
What is inversion?
What joint is found between the talus and calcanues?
What is subtalar joint?
Medial gliding and rolling continues and spinning occurs at the lateral condyle resulting in a locking of the joint
What is the Screw Home Mechanism
Having a loss of arch in the foot is caused by?
What is Overpronation
On what axis does trunk rotation occur?
What is the Transverse or Horizontal plane?
When completing prone knee flexion what is the main muscle being used?
What are the Knee flexors
What muscle everts the foot?
What is the Fibularis longus?
This injury occurs from hyperextension, excessive tibial rotation and posterior displacement of the tibia with knee flexed.
What is a tibiofemoral dislocation
Where does the patellar tendon attach on the Tibia?
What is the tibial tuberosity?
During Supination in a CLOSED kinetic chain the combined movements are?
What is Calcaneal inversion (varus), Talar head abduction, Talar head Dorsiflexion, External Rotation of Tibia/Fibula, Medial Longitudinal arch elevates due to Talar abduction
Eversion, Plantar Flexion, Anterior Slide of Talus and Abduction is limited by
What is the Tibionavicular ligament (Deltoid ligament)
Match the axis to their planes.
What is antero-posterior axis-frontal plane, Horizontal axis-Saggital plane, Longitudinal axis-Transverse plane?
When there is tightening of the fascia on the bottom of the foot as you begin to push off. The support of the arch that helps propel the person forward occurs because of this?
What is the Windlass Effect
This is the only muscle of quadriceps femoris that also crosses the hip.
What is rectus femoris.
What injury is described as pain behind the medial malleolus from overuse in running?
What is tibialis posterior tendinitis?