Nursing History and Process
She established the Nightingale Plan, elevated sanitation, and helped drive wartime mortality down during the Crimean War
Who is Florence Nightingale?
This U.S. regulation protects privacy and confidentiality of patient health information and affects all care settings.
What is HIPAA (1996)?
This handoff tool stands for Identification, Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation and is recognized for patient‑safety communication.
What is ISBAR/SBAR?
The single most important technique to interrupt the infectious process.
What is hand hygiene?
Bending at the knees and hips, keeping the load close, and using the large leg/hip muscles describes this injury‑prevention principle.
What is proper body mechanics?
Founded by Lillian Kuster in 1949, this organization’s membership is limited to LPN/LVNs.
What is the NFLPN (National Federation of Licensed Practical Nurses)?
The four elements necessary to prove malpractice are: duty, breach, harm, and proximate cause.
What are duty, breach, harm, and proximate cause?
Arms uncrossed, body facing the patient, natural eye contact, and a slight forward lean demonstrate this therapeutic body stance.
What is an open posture?
These precautions apply to blood, all body fluids (except sweat), nonintact skin, and mucous membranes.
What are Standard Precautions?
Stage II pressure injury involves partial‑thickness loss of dermis.
What is partial‑thickness dermal loss?
The six phases of the scientific method that make up nursing process.
What is — assessment, diagnosis, outcomes identification, planning, implementation, evaluation.
This ethical principle means “do no harm.”
What is nonmaleficence?
A documentation system that organizes notes by patient problems (often using SOAPE or focus formats).
What is the problem‑oriented medical record (POMR)?
The three Transmission‑Based Precautions categories beyond Standard Precautions.
What are airborne, droplet, and contact precautions?
To maintain pH, bicarbonate buffers acid in approximately a 20:1 ratio with carbonic acid.
What is the bicarbonate–carbonic acid buffer system?
A nursing patient problem statement includes the patient’s signs/symptoms, related (etiologic) factors, and defining characteristics. Name this type of statement.
What is a nursing diagnosis (patient problem statement)?
The PSDA (1991) requires informing patients about advance directives, typically a living will and durable power of attorney.
What are a living will and a durable power of attorney?
In long‑term care, the OBRA (1987) standards regulate resident assessment and individualized care plans.
What is OBRA (Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987)?
Upon admission and with condition changes, this assessment helps prevent falls; a common supportive device for ambulation is the gait belt.
What is a fall‑risk assessment (and using a gait belt)?
A technique for untrained people, after calling 911, perform this CPR approach: “hard and fast” compressions mid‑chest without rescue breaths.
What is hands‑only CPR?
In priority setting, these needs come before safety and security in Maslow’s hierarchy.
What are physiologic (basic) needs?
Coined by Madeleine Leininger, this domain emphasizes integrating cultural variables into all aspects of nursing care.
What is transcultural nursing?
The nontherapeutic technique that minimizes a patient’s concerns (e.g., “Don’t worry, everything will be fine”), undermining trust.
What is false reassurance?
In disaster triage, the red tag denotes this priority level.
What is immediate (life‑threatening) priority?
For chronic kidney disease, this therapeutic diet restricts sodium, potassium, phosphorus (and sometimes protein/fluid).
What is a renal diet?