Ventilation, Diffusion, Perfusion
What is the term for airflow into and out of the lungs?
Ventilation
What protein in RBCs binds with O2
Hemoglobin
What part of the brain controls involuntary breathing?
Medulla oblongata.
What is the normal blood pH range?
7.35-7.45
What process involves oxygen moving from the alveoli into the capillaries?
Diffusion
What term describes a decrease in oxygen levels in the blood?
Hypoxemia
What gas primarily controls the drive to breathe?
CO2
What organ system works alongside the respiratory system to maintain acid-base balance over a more extended period?
Renal System (Kidneys)
What condition results when ventilation and perfusion are mismatched?
V/Q mismatch.
A patient had a normal RR but is cyanotic. What could be wrong?
Inadequate oxygenation despite breathing, V/Q mismatch, anemia, PE, etc.
What effect does a narcotic OD have on breathing?
Depresses the medulla- Respiratory depression.
A pt with DKA is breathing rapidly. What is this called, and why?
Kussmaul respirations- respiratory compensation for metabolic acidosis.
Name something that would impair perfusion at the cellular level.
Shock, hypovolemia, PE, etc.
Name two conditions that can limit oxygenation.
Anemia, COPD, pneumonia, etc.
How does the Hering-Breuer reflex protect the lungs?
Prevents overinflation by sending stretch receptor signals to inhibit inspiration.
In a pt with metabolic alkalosis, what would the respiratory system likely do to help compensate?
Decrease the respiratory rate to retain CO2 and lower pH.