Multicultural Counseling
Who is considered the father of guidance?
Frank Parsons
A state of difference and variety.
Diversity
People learn by watching and mimicking the behaviors of other people.
Social learning theory posits
Person prefers the dominant (sometimes called microculture) culture.
Conformity
A white person may have little awareness of race or little contact with people from different racial groups
Naivete
Learning the customs and expectations of a culture
Acculturation
People are treated differently because of one or more of their identities.
Discrimination
subtle, everday messages that insult someone
Microaggressions.
A process where a group divides a map based on "risk," where "high risk" areas are lined in red.
Redlining
A small request that is somewhat negative, and that request is granted
foot in the door technique
A society in which people from many different cultures live together
Multiculturalism
The smaller part or number
Minority
Behaviors which are expected by the group
Norms
A person gains an awareness of and begin to question beliefs about identity
Dissonance
White person may not view themselves as having a racial identity.
the conformity stage
People of a different culture being absorbed into the majority culture while giving up the norms of their own culture
Assimilation
Term used in sociology to describe the collection of people to which we belong against which we compare ourselves.
A reference group
Harm may show up in the form of institutional (sometimes systemic or structural)
Isms
To prefer people of one's own group over people outside of the group or other groups in general.
In-group bias
the discomfort we feel when two beliefs, attitudes, or values are at odds or conflicting
Cognitive dissonance
Counseling or therapy conducted where the counselor and client have different cultures
Multicultural counseling
Shared values, behaviors, customs, arts, symbols, language, achievements, and so on of a group of people.
Culture
Passed down through observational learning and reinforcement of successive desirable action.
Culture
Person may begin to reject the dominant culture and develop a stronger preference for their own culture.
resistance and immersion
an experience allows for greater awareness of culture and oppression (unjust treatment).
The dissonance stage
Defined as the acquisition of cultural norms of one's own culture
Enculturation
To compare and contrast among groups as a whole
intergroup level
When the ideology, the ism is built into the laws of society or organization
Institutionalized isms
A tendency to view one's cultural group as correct and the best
Enthnocentrism
One who is involved in several consensual romantic or sexual relationships
polyamorous client
A person's income and economic mobility
Socioeconomic status
A section of a group of people within larger culture.
Subculture
Adjust to the natural environment, and therefore, culture is indeed molded by geological and geographic factors.
Personalism
Person may be more open to exploring the consequences of holding strong feelings against the dominant culture.
Introspection
A white person examines racism and oppression, which could lead to additional feelings of anger and guilt.
resistance and immersion
When a culture keeps its own cultural practices while incorporating elements of the dominant culture
Cultural pluralism
A single group is considered
intragroup level
Potential impact of institutionalized isms and covert discrimination
Internalization
A preconceived notion (often negative) held about another group, sometimes without even interacting with the group
Prejudice
a graphic assessment tool of how culture impacts the client and the family created in 1994.
Culturagram
ADDRESSING is an acronym for
age and generational influences, developmental or other disabilities (both D's), religion and spiritual orientation, ethnic and racial identify, socioeconomic status, sexual orientation, indigenous heritage, national origin, and gender.
When you cheer for your local sports team or feel pride when athletes from your country succeed in the Olympics.
Regional and national culture (collectivistic)
Created Social Learning Theory (SLT)
Albert Bandura (1921-2021)
Person is more confident and secure in their own identity and works to move beyond their own identity towards multiculturalism.
Integrative
A white person may begin to redefine their view of whiteness and feel disconnected from other definitions of whiteness.
introspection
Lack of awareness and understanding of another's culture and its significance
Cultural encapsulation
The way that social categorizations intersect and interact to create nuanced experiences.
Intersectionality
A Period of time of being stereotyped and oppressed, people who are in the oppressed group start to use this framework internally
Internalized oppression
Compliance with an order, often made by someone in authority
Obedience
A tool that emphasizes culture in order to increase understanding of the family
Genogram