Faith vs. Ritual
T/F: Ritual is external
True; Ritual is external
Where did the Protestant Reformation take place?
Europe
Define sola fide?
Faith alone
Where did the Bhakti Movement begin?
South India (Kerala and Tamil Nadu)
What language was used for prayers and hard to interpret?
Sanskrit
T/F: Faith is external
False; Faith is internal
When did the Protestant Reformation begin?
16th Century
How was salvation attained before the Protestant Reformation?
Through rituals like confession, indulgences, pilgrimages, and elaborate ceremonies
When did the Bhakti Movement end?
17th Century.
Who was spiritual access and salvation limited to?
Men in the Brahmin, Kshatriya, and Vaishya castes
What do we mean when we say "Faith is internal"?
it’s about what a person truly believes and feels in their heart
Who nailed the 95 Theses to the Church door?
Martin Luther
How was salvation attained after the Protestant Reformation?
Through a personal relationship with God and genuine faith, rather than external displays of devotion
Name a Saint that was influential during the Bhakti Movement?
Kabir
Mirabai
Tukaram
T/F: The Brahmin caste was composed of skilled workers.
False; the Brahmin caste was comprised of priests. It is the highest position in the caste system.
What do we mean when we say "Ritual is external"?
it’s about actions like prayers, offerings, or ceremonies that can be done without real belief
Name a figure that led the Protestant Reformation?
Martin Luther
John Calvin
Huldrych Zwingli
What was the result of the Protestant Reformation?
The focus shifted from outward religious observances to inner spiritual belief, a clear embodiment of the theme “Faith over Ritual.”
What is Nirguna Brahman?
A belief that the ultimate reality, or God, is formless and attributeless.
The Bhakti Movement believed that true devotion comes from?
Sincere faith and inner love, not from rituals or social hierarchy
Define "Faith over Ritual'
true spirituality comes from genuine belief, devotion, and inner connection with God, rather than from simply performing religious rituals or external practices
The Protestant Reformation led to the creation of what new Christian denominations?
Lutheranism, Calvinism, and Anglicanism
What example did we give to show how the Protestant Reformation strengthened personal faith?
Allowing the translation of the Bible into local languages to allow people to read and interpret scripture themselves
What ideas did the Saints denounce?
caste discrimination and social hierarchies
Based on previous class discussions, what does the term "Bhakti" mean?
"Devotion for the Divine" and it is the most common way of practicing Hinduism (either through Vaishnavaism, Shaivism, or Shaktism).