What is Public Health
What are the two major differences between public health and medicine?
What is prevention and population health?
What are the five W’s of epidemiology and what do they ask?
What? Detection of disease or event
Who? The population affected
When? Timing of disease transmission or exposure
Where? Place of population or determinants/exposures
Why/how? Determinants that put the population at higher risk for the disease
Individual effort _______ from bottom to top of the Health Impact Pyramid.
Increases
In the Social Ecological Model, what are the five levels of influence that impact health-related behaviors?
Individual, interpersonal, organizational, community environment, and society or public policy.
List some disadvantages of the "high-risk strategy".
Difficulties and costs of screening, palliative and temporary, behaviorally inappropriate.
The following are examples of what level of prevention:
Screening program with skin examinations
Decrease UV exposure (i.e., clothing, sunscreen).
Mohs Surgery (treatment for basal cell carcinomas).
Screening - secondary
UV exposure - primary
Mohs Surgery - teritary
The water dripping from the faucet represents ____, while the water filling the tub represents ______.
What is incidence, prevalence?
Beliefs about disease threat, beliefs about behavior, cue to action, and self-efficacy are all parts of what health behavior model?
Health Belief Model
List four different changes that could be made to the built environment to promote physical activity for children.
Footpaths, bike paths, parks, playgrounds, recreation centers...
What are the elements of the epidemiological triangle?
Agent, host, environment
Policy approaches that can affect large populations through regulation, increased access, or economic incentives are examples of what type of intervention.
Upstream interventions
List in order the beginning of the disease surveillance chain.
Physicians, hospitals, and clinical labs, local public health dept., state public health dept., CDC
What are the 6 stages of the Transtheoretical Model?
Pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, relapse.
Interpersonal
What are the three specific causes of infant mortality in the U.S.?
Birth defects, preterm birth and low birth weight, and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).
Assessment, policy development, and assurance
Prevalence refers to the proportion of persons who ____ a condition at or during a particular time period, whereas incidence refers to the proportion or rate of persons who ______ a condition during a particular time period.
Have, develop
Smokers tend to marinate in this phase for a long time. There's an understanding that smoking is bad for their lungs. But smoking also provides a way to socialize or destress. They have a hard time accepting the idea that they will have to have a coffee without a cigarette or can’t take a smoke break when things get hectic at work.
Contemplation
A corporation offers a monthly incentive for its employees to participate in a workplace wellness program. This is an example of what level of the SEM?
Organizational
An ideology that emphasizes individual responsibility, a minimal obligation to the common good, and the fundamental freedom for all individuals to be left alone.
What is market justice?
What are some examples of national public health agencies in the United States?
Center for Disease Control (CDC)
National Institutes of Health (NHI)
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
A number of passengers on a cruise ship from Puerto Rico to the Panama Canal have recently developed a gastrointestinal illness compatible with norovirus. Testing for norovirus is not readily available on any nearby island, and the test takes several days even where available. How would you display the time course of the outbreak?
An epidemic curve
(date or time of onset on its x-axis and number of cases on the y-axis, is the classic graph for displaying the time course of an epidemic)
What is one concept that the Health Belief Model, Theory of Planned Behavior, and Transtheoretical Model have in common?
Self-efficacy
A national standard is set for food and drinks provided in public schools across America. This is an example of what level of the SEM?
Public policy
Dengue is transmitted to people by the bite of an Aedes mosquito that is infected with a dengue virus. There is no vaccine for preventing dengue. The best preventive measure for residents living in areas infested with Aedes aegypti is to eliminate the places where the mosquito lays her eggs, primarily artificial containers that hold water. From this intervention, where is chain of infection broken?
Reservoir