Newton's Laws of Motion
What is Newton's First Law of Motion?
An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion unless acted on by a net external force.
What is wavelength?
The distance between two consecutive peaks or troughs in a wave.
What are some uses of microwaves?
Cooking food, communication technologies, and radar.
What is the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram?
A scatter plot of stars showing the relationship between their absolute magnitudes and stellar classifications.
A=F/M
Give an example of Newton's Second Law in action.
A soccer ball accelerating when kicked by a player, where force equals mass times acceleration (F=ma).
What is frequency?
The number of waves that pass a point in a given period of time.
How does fiber optics work?
It transmits light signals through thin strands of glass or plastic, using total internal reflection.
Describe how a star grows and changes.
Stars go through stages from birth in nebulae, to main sequence, and eventually to red giants or supernovae, depending on their mass.
What is the highpoint of a wave called?
A crest
Describe Newton's Third Law with an example.
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction; for instance, a rocket propelling upwards as it expels gas downwards.
How is amplitude connected to energy in waves?
Higher amplitude waves carry more energy.
How is ultraviolet light used for sterilization?
It kills bacteria and viruses by damaging their DNA.
Compare spiral galaxies and elliptical galaxies.
Spiral galaxies have a flat, rotating disk with arms, while elliptical galaxies are more rounded and lack the well-defined structure of spiral arms.
Does an acidic solution or a basic solution turn ph paper red?
An acid
How do these laws relate to seatbelts in cars?
Seatbelts apply a force to keep passengers restrained during sudden stops, adhering to Newton's First Law.
How do sound waves differ from light waves?
Sound waves are mechanical and require a medium to travel, while light waves are electromagnetic and can travel through a vacuum.
What role do X-rays play in medicine?
They are used to create images of the inside of the body to diagnose conditions.
Where is our solar system in the Milky Way galaxy?
It is located in one of the spiral arms known as the Orion Arm or Orion Spur.
What percent of stars are main sequence stars?
90%
How do these laws apply in sports?
Athletes use these laws to optimize their movements, like using force to propel themselves forward or changing direction.
Compare amplitude, frequency, and wavelength in a wave.
Amplitude measures the height of the wave, frequency measures how often the wave occurs, and wavelength measures the distance between repeating units of the wave.
What is radiation therapy, and how does it work?
A treatment for cancer that uses high doses of radiation to kill or damage cancer cells.
What evidence do we have for the Big Bang theory?
The detection of cosmic microwave background radiation and the observed redshift of distant galaxies.
What is the life cycle of a lower mass star?
Main Sequence --> Red Giant --> White Dwarf