Macromolecules and Enzymes
What are the four macromolecules?
Carbohydrates, Lipids, Protein, Nucleic Acids
What 3 organelles are only found in PLANT cells?
Chloroplast, Cell Wall, Large Central vacuole
If a cell FAILS at a checkpoint (meaning it is a bad cell), what will the cell go through?
Apoptosis (cell death)
What is the backbone of DNA made up of?
Sugar-phosphate backbone
What is complete dominance?
One allele is COMPLETELY dominant over the other.
What is the correct monomer for a protein?
Amino Acid
What is the function of a mitochondria?
Supplies energy to the cell
What occurs during interphase?
Cell develops and grows
What is the difference between a gene and an allele?
Gene: section of DNA that codes for a trait
Allele: a version of the trait
What is a genotype?
The genetic makeup (BB, Bb, bb)
How doe enzymes speed up chemical reactions?
By lowering the activation energy
What type of transport REQUIRES energy?
Active transport
What 3 things cause genetic variation in organisms?
1. Crossing over
2. Random Assortment
3. Mutations
What type of RNA brings amino acids to the ribosome?
tRNA
What is the genotype of an individual that is a carrier for hemophilia?
XHXh
What does it mean when an enzyme is not working properly? (2 answers)
1. The enzyme is NOT working optimally
2. The shape of the enzyme's active site has changed
If a molecule is TOO BIG to pass through the cell membrane by itself, what does it need in order to enter the cell?
A membrane protein (facilitated diffusion, channel)
Half the number of chromosomes (Haploid)
Unique to each other
When finding an AMINO ACID, what part of the mRNA should you read?
Codon
R - dimples
r - no dimples
What is the PHENOTYPE of an individual that is heterozygous with dimples.
Having dimples
What are the two macromolecules that make up chromosomes?
Nucleic Acids and Proteins
Osmosis moves _____________________.
Diffusion moves SOLUTES
Osmosis moves WATER
What type of feedback loop occurs when the body senses a change to homeostasis, and the response is to REVERSE the change?
Negative Feedback
What type of mutation occurs when one nucleotide is swapped with a different nucleotide
Ex. Thymine is swapped to Adenine
Substitution
If black (B) is codominant to white (b), what would a heterozygous (Bb) individual LOOK like?
Spotted, striped, speckled (SOME PATTERN)