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How did the first civilizations begin in ancient India?
Civilization developed in the river valleys.
What major religions originated in Judea/Palestine?
Judaism, Christianity and Islam
Define a civilization:
An organized society, consisting primarily of a group of people under a government.
What was the Renaissance?
Intellectuals and artists proclaimed a new vision of the world and held up the value of the individual.
What steps did Louis the XIV take to increase his royal power?
Louis XIV removed the highest nobles and princes, developed a standing army and waged several wars.
Was Catherine the Great an enlightened ruler?
Catherine the Great was not an enlightened ruler because her policies favored the nobility and made things worse for the peasants.
What is a Federal System?
The national government and the state governments share power
Name two factors that brought about Hellenistic society.
no definite structure and society emerged from four strong kingdoms.
What is a Caliph?
Chief Muslim religious leader
What was the Magna Carta?
A Feudal document that conveyed in writing the rights between a king and his knights and nobles.
How did scientists begin challenging authority during the Scientific Revolution?
By careful observation of nature and willingness to question old beliefs
What effects did Louis XIV have on the country and his people?
He completely bankrupted the treasury of France.
Which styles of government influenced the American Revolution?
Americans were inspired by Enlightenment philosophy.
What countries helped the American Colonists win their independence from Great Britain and why?
France, Spain, and the Dutch Republic. These other powers wanted revenge.
What was the era in Europe between the fall of the Roman Empire in 500 CE and the Renaissance in 1500 CE called?
Middle Ages
How was the Arab Empire able to establish a vast trade network?
They used ships and camel caravans to trade
What view did the American Founding Fathers take of the Magna Carta?
They wanted to protect the common people from an authoritarian government
What is the scientific method?
The 6 step procedure based on observation and experimentation
What inspired Frederick William to build a large standing army in Prussia?
Prussia was a small open territory with no natural frontiers for defense from his enemies.
What is meant by a division of powers, and how was this idea important to the creation of a new government?
The division of powers created a government in which three branches shared equal power
What was the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen?
It was a French document that proclaimed that all men were free and equal before the law
What civilization had the greatest impact on other cultures in the medieval Asian world?
China
Why was the Mandate of Heaven an important component of early Chinese civilization?
a concept affirming the divine right of rulers to reinforce the legitimacy of their leadership.
What was the effect of the Renaissance on ideas about human capabilities?
People were capable of any possible achievement
What is an Absolute Monarchy?
An extreme form of monarchy where a nation has invested all authority into its ruler.
Why did intellectuals believe the formation of the United States carried out Enlightenment thoughts?
Natural rights, individual liberties, and popular sovereignty were all ideals of the Enlightenment.
How did the outcome of the American Revolution have a lasting impact on global politics?
The American Revolution was the first successful revolt and it inspired other nations to fight for natural rights, individual liberties and popular sovereignty.
What was the significance of the meeting of the Estates-General in 1899 in France?
The Estates-General had not met in more than a century, which demonstrated that an emergency situation was at hand.
What was significant about the ancient civilizations of China?
China was geographically isolated from the other great civilizations, so Chinese civilization developed with limited outside influence.
Why is our knowledge of some early African civilizations more limited than our understanding of civilizations in Asia or the Middle East?
African culture relied less on written records. Leadership was less centralized.
What was Common Law?
Law that was common to the whole kingdom
What was the religion of King Philip II of Spain?
Catholic
Identify the characteristics of an enlightened absolute monarchy.
A monarch has absolute power but governs by the principles of the Enlightenment.
What is popular sovereignty?
The sovereign is given the right to govern through the consent of the people.
What was the Reign of Terror?
It was a series of policies that were created by the National Committee to protect France from domestic threats.
What effect did the French Constitution of 1795 have?
It set up two legislative houses. A lower house, the Council of 500, drafted laws.
Why did coal production expand greatly during the Industrial Revolution?
New methods of mining coal made it a very easy job.
How did the railroads guarantee the success of the Industrial Revolution?
Goods could be moved faster from the factories to the places they would be sold.
Why did French Liberals overthrow the monarchy of Charles X and replace him with Louis-Phillippe?
They wanted to change the government to a constitutional monarchy.
How did the revolts in France affect other countries of Europe?
France’s revolts led other countries to demand change as well
When Louis-Napoleon assumed the title of Napoleon III, Emperor of France; what did he gain control of?
controlled the armed forces, police, and civil service
William I of Prussia was proclaimed _____________ of the Second German Empire in 1871.
Kaiser
Which region dominated the world's economy because of its military power and industries?
United States
Many workers reacted to poor working conditions by what?
Organizing to pass laws or make reforms.
Which caused both migration to the cities and higher survival rates of city dwellers?
improved public sanitation
What attitudes toward work and outward appearances did the middle class hold in Europe?
They believed strongly in hard work.
During the late nineteenth century, what did working-class women in Europe do to begin to change their status?
They worked outside the home
Why did the people of the working class find the ideals of socialism attractive?
They wanted better and fairer working conditions.
What was the main motive for universal education?
To create better-educated voters