Earth's Layers
If you were to travel from the surface to the center of Earth, the temperature would _____________________.
Increase Dramtically
Running a mineral across a porcelain plate to see the color it leaves behind on the plate may be described as testing for _______________________.
Streak
How do the waves change the beach?
They deposit and erode sand.
Marble is formed when intense heat and pressure is applied to limestone. What type of rock is marble?
metamorphic
Twigs, leaves, and other organic matter that will become humus
Litter
Which layer is broken up into several plates which move and float very slowly? Their very slow motion is the cause of plate tectonics, a process associated with continental drift, earthquakes, volcanoes, and the formation of mountains.
lithosphere
Muscovite breaks along a single plane to form flat sheets. This tendency to break along smooth planes is called ___________________________.
Cleavage
Which process causes hillsides and mountains to gradually get smaller?
erosion
Jennifer was investigating granite, a type of rock that forms when magma deep below the Earth's crust cools off and hardens. What type of rock is granite?
igneous rock
It is better to grow plants in soil than in sand because soil
has more nutrients.
Which layer of the earth contains granite and basalt in the GREATEST abundance?
Crust
In Tyler's science book there is a table that shows the Mohs hardness scale. The Mohs hardness scale lists the ten common minerals, from softest to hardest. Tyler's teacher wants him to find the hardness of a diamond, which can scratch ALL other minerals. The diamond would have a hardness of
10
What occurs during Ice Wedging?
Water freezes in the cracks of rocks and expands, breaking them apart.
How are rocks DIFFERENT from minerals?
Rocks are made up of one or more minerals, but minerals are not made up of rocks.
The decayed organic material that gives soil its dark brown or black color is called
humus.
How does the density of the Earth’s core compare to the other layers of the Earth?
The core is the densest layer.
David's teacher passed out a mineral that was white. When he tried to scratch it, he was able to scratch the mineral with his fingernail. She also told him that this mineral is the softest mineral on Mohs' Hardness Scale. Which mineral did David's teacher give him?
talc
Weathering contributes to the composition of soil by adding
sediment.
Ms. Jones is teaching her class about rocks and minerals. She holds up a rainbow chocolate chip cookie and explains that the cookie is like a rock. Next, she points to the different colored chocolate chips. What do the chocolate chips represent?
minerals
How do burrowing rodents affect soil fertility?
They provide means by which air can enter the soil and reach the roots of plants.
Earth’s mantle is made of a dense thick material that allows movement of crustal plates. Crustal plate movement occurs because the mantle flows as a result of uneven heating inside the mantle. ____________________ are created by very hot material deep in the mantle rising, then cooling, sinking again, and then heating again and then repeating the cycle.
convection currents
Minerals can be identified by their physical __________-.
Properties
Deltas, like this one, are formed at the mouth of a river. They are formed by the ___________ of sediments, soil, sand, gravel, which is a constructive process.
deposition
More than a billion years ago, the continent of Africa hit North America, generating enormous pressure and heat while pushing up the Blue Ridge Mountains to a height of 30,000 feet. Most of these mountains have since been worn away by wind, rain, and the growth of living organisms. The order of the rock cycle in this case is BEST described as
metamorphic, sedimentary.
What is the cross-section view of the soil layers (horizons)?
Soil Profile