Atomic Structue
Where the protons in an atom live
The nucleus
What is chemical potential energy?
energy stored in the bonds of molecules and released during chemical reactions.
What are periods?
rows on the periodic table
they tell you number of rings
What is a covalent bond? Type of atoms and how their electrons behave in bond
forms when electrons are shared between two nonmetal atoms
The reduction of the attractive force between the nucleus and valence electrons due to the repulsion from inner (core) electrons.
Shielding Effect
What element has 20 protons?
Calcium
What is the law of conservation of energy?
energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.
What happens to atomic radius across a period
atomic radius gets smaller due to increase nuclear charge
What is an ionic bond? Type of atoms and how their electrons behave in bond
A bond between a metal and a nonmetal
The energy required to remove an electron from an atom
Ionization Energy
What are neutrons?
particles found in the nucleus that have no electrical charge.
What is temperature?
the average kinetic energy of the particles within a substance
What is ionization energy?
the energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom.
atoms tend to form bonds until they have eight electrons in their outer shell
A type of chemical bond where electrons are shared between nonmetal atoms
Covalent Bonds
what is an isotope
same element with dif mass due to dif number of neutrons
What is convection?
the process of transferring heat through the movement of hotter/less dense material to rise, and colder, denser material to sink.
ex//radiator in a room
How many valence electrons does Nitrogen have? Therefore it "wants" how many bonds?
Nitrogen has 5 valence electrons
"wants 3 bonds" to have a FULL OCTETE
What level of boiling and melting point do you If you have with STRONG INTERMOLECULAR FORCE?
______ Boiling and Melting
HIGH Boiling and Melting points
Forces between molecules, including hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole, and London dispersion forces, crucial for explaining phase level of VOLATILITY (evaporation), Melting and Boiling Points
INTERMOLECULAR FORCES
How many electrons in a neutral atom of chlorine
17
neutral atoms have equal numbers of p and e
Plate Boundaries: Divergent cause....
Convergent cause... and Transform cause....
Divergent cause.... mid ocean ridges
Convergent cause...volcanoes
and Transform cause....earthquakes
What 2 trends decrease down a group?
electronegativity and ionization energy
because the atom gets bigger
What metallic bond is stronger Mg or Na?
Mg because 2+. vs Na is only 1+
The ability of an atom to attract electrons in a chemical bond, critical for understanding polarity and bond strength.
ELECTRONEGATIVITY