Atomic Structue
Where the protons in an atom live
The nucleus
What is chemical potential energy?
energy stored in the bonds of molecules and released during chemical reactions.
What are periods?
rows on the periodic table
they tell you number of rings
What is a covalent bond? Type of atoms and how their electrons behave in bond
forms when electrons are shared between two nonmetal atoms
The reduction of the attractive force between the nucleus and valence electrons due to the repulsion from inner (core) electrons.
Shielding Effect
What element has 20 protons?
Calcium
What is HEAT??
the transfer of thermal ENERGY from HOT to COLD objects.
What happens to atomic radius across a period
atomic radius gets smaller due to increase nuclear charge
What is an ionic bond? Type of atoms and how their electrons behave in bond
A bond between a metal and a nonmetal
POLAR COVALENT BOND
An UNequally sharing of electrons between 2 NONMETALS - creating a polar bond (one with partial charges)
What are neutrons?
particles found in the nucleus that have no electrical charge.
What is temperature?
the average kinetic energy of the particles within a substance (measured)
What is ionization energy?
the energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom.
What are metallic Bonds? Type of atoms and how their electrons behave in bond
strong attractions between metal atoms, formed when their valence electrons become delocalized, creating a "sea of electrons" surrounding a lattice of positive metal ions (cations).
A type of chemical bond where electrons are shared EQUALLY between nonmetal atoms
NONPOLAR Covalent Bonds
what is an isotope
same element with dif mass due to dif number of neutrons
What is convection?
the process of transferring heat through the movement of hotter/less dense material to rise, and colder, denser material to sink.
ex//radiator in a room
How many valence electrons does Nitrogen have? Therefore it "wants" how many bonds?
Nitrogen has 5 valence electrons
"wants 3 bonds" to have a FULL OCTETE
What level of boiling and melting point do you If you have with STRONG INTERMOLECULAR FORCE?
______ Boiling and Melting
HIGH Boiling and Melting points
Forces between molecules
INTERMOLECULAR FORCES
How many electrons in a neutral atom of chlorine
17
neutral atoms have equal numbers of p and e
Plate Boundaries: Divergent cause....
Convergent cause... and Transform cause....
Divergent cause.... mid ocean ridges
Convergent cause...volcanoes
and Transform cause....earthquakes
What 2 trends decrease down a group?
electronegativity and ionization energy
because the atom gets bigger
What metallic bond is stronger Mg or Na?
Mg (2+) because each cation released 2 electrons to the sea per atom. vs Na (1+) only releases 1 electron. MORE ELECTRONS RELEASED IS STRONGER BOND.
The ability of an atom to attract electrons in a chemical bond, critical for understanding polarity and bond strength.
ELECTRONEGATIVITY