Bumfuzzle
Name Calling
Using personal attacks rather than logic
Criticising based on individual characteristics, ethnicity, etc.
Ad Hominem
When someone redefines a group in a way that excludes counterexamples to their argument.
No True Scotsman Fallacy
When someone that the middle of two extremes is always correct, because its a compromise
"Earth is flat"
>>>> earth is domed
Earth is round"
Middle Ground Fallacy
When someone fails to draw a reasonable conclusion from a set of evidence that logically supports that conclusion.
Slothful Induction Fallacy
When someone believes that the probability of an outcome is different after a series of outcomes than it is for a single result.
Gambler's Fallacy
A claim based on a few examples rather than substantial proof.
"That teenager lied to me, so you should never trust any teenagers."
Hasty Generalization
attacking a different subject rather than the topic being discussed.
"A parent doesn't let their daughter go to a party. The daughter replies with "Why do you hate me?"
Strawman
Burden of Proof
Appeal to Hypocrisy
An argument using confusion to shift attention away from a topic and toward a false conclusion.
Red Herring
Dismissing a claim because they find it difficult to understand.
If something seems confusing, it must not be true
Personal Incredulity Fallacy
An informal fallacy where personal experience or a singular example is used to support an argument instead of evidence.
"My uncle didn't go to college, so college is a waste of time."
Anecdotal Evidence Fallacy
A proposition must be true because it has not been proven false, or there is no evidence against it
"You cannot prove that god does not exist; therefore, God exists."
Appeal to Ignorance
Presenting limited options by focusing on 2 extremes when more possibilities exist.
"America: love it or leave it."
False Dilemma/False Dichotomy
When someone claims that something is true or good because it's popular, without providing evidence.
Bandwagon Fallacy
An argument that assumes that a certain course of action will lead to a chain of future events.
Slippery Slope
When an argument incorrectly concludes that a cause is related to an effort.
Causal Fallacy
When a person's argument repeats what they already assumed before, without arriving at a new conclusion.
"According to my brain, my brain is reliable."
Circular Argument
Based on the metaphor of a gunman shooting the side of a barn, then drawing tragets around the bullet hole clusters to make it look like he hit the target.
Texas Sharpshooter Fallacy
When someone tries to win an argument by manipulating emotions instead of using facts or logic.
Appeal to Emotion
A claim is considered true simply because an authority figure says it is true, without sufficient evidence.
Appeal to Authority