Examples
We never had cellphones before and everything was fine so cellphones are bad.
Appeal to tradition
an intentionally misrepresented proposition that is set up because it is easier to defeat than an opponent's real argument.
Strawman
"Do you like the album Speak Now or the album Life of a Showgirl better?"
"Definitely Life of a Showgirl! Everything newer is better!"
Appeal to novelty
According to Jane Smith, most teachers vote in local elections. Since teachers vote in local elections, all people who live in town should also vote in local elections because teaching is an admirable profession.
Bandwagon
No college student ever does the reading assigned for homework.
Hasty generalization
Post hoc ergo proctor hoc
"I think we should ban cell phones"
"But what about the starving children in Africa?"
Red herring
Jackson Emmet claims that the best kind of cereal is Frosted Flakes. This cannot be true, however, because Emmet is not a nice person.
If we let students use their phones in class then they will all be on social media and they will see people dancing and it will make them want to dance and before you know it all the students will dance out of the room!
Slippery slope
a conclusion or statement that does not logically follow from the previous argument or statement.
Non sequitur
"We should have less homework, so we have more time to rest."
"Oh so we shouldn't have work ever again and school is for the devil?"
Strawman
Sarah Ritter claims that apples are the best fruit, while Emily James claims that grapes are the best fruit. Apples are currently not in season, so therefore everyone should eat grapes.
False dilemma
You can't prove that you are innocent, so therefore you are guilty.
Appeal to ignorance
the claim that whatever has not been proved false must be true, and vice versa
Appeal to ignorance
"You should do the reading that was assigned for homework."
"I'll bet you did not always do the reading when you were in school!
And you also
Every college student who eats things out of the vending machine will be covered in acne.
Reduction to the absurd
I like to eat candy because candy is fun to eat.
assume the truth of an argument or proposition to be proved, without arguing it.
Begging the question
"It always rains the day after my daughter vomits in the living room."
Post hoc ergo proctor hoc
George Mann highlights that potatoes are a delicious and versatile food. Potatoes are just like mushrooms, so therefore mushrooms are also versatile. Logically, mashed mushrooms must be delicious.
False analogy