Scenarios
"Aisha was getting way too intense during the debate in Politics class. She doesn't even comb her hair, what makes her think she can argue with me?"
Ad Hominem
Using an argument's conclusion as proof of the argument itself
Begging the question/circular argument
This is the symbol for what?
"~"
"Not"/ Negating a proposition
Fallacy of Two Wrongs
Using one-instance of wrongdoing to justify another/two wrongs don't make a right
This is the symbol for what?
"v"
"Or"/Disjunction
"Everyone I know has an air fryer and loves it. I'm not letting this Black Friday pass without buying one."
Bandwagon
Usage of a word with two different meanings as if they were the same
Equivocation
This is a symbol for what?
"^"
"And"/Conjunction
Straw man
Misrepresenting an argument as being weaker than it actually is, making it easier to defeat/"knock down"
In the statement, "If it is raining, the streets will be wet," "the streets will be wet" is known as what?
The consequent
"You really think America landed on the moon first? There's no actual proof of Neil Armstrong's walk so it obviously didn't happen."
Appeal to ignorance
An argument where one event sets off a chain of escalating (usually negative) events, used to justify why you shouldn't engage in a particular action.
Slippery slope
"If you don't study, then you'll fail your test" is an example of what type of syllogism?
A hypothetical syllogism"
Loaded Term
The use of strong or emotionally charged words/language to create a reaction in your opposition and refocus the original argument.
"Someone cut me off as I was trying to get to work this morning. I swear, every driver in this down is reckless"
Composition
"Either you graduate and get a good job or you never amount to anything at all"
False Dichotomy
The assumption that a claim made by a person of expertise or authority must be correct simply because of their position, regardless of whether or not their expertise is relevant to the claim being made
Improper Appeal to Authority
When trying to diagnose medical conditions, doctors use this type of argument, from the Latin for "to deny"
Modus Tollens
Fallacy of Accident
The creation or application of a general rule based on a specific case, without considering the special circumstances of that case
"Not," "and," "or," "if...then"
Logical Connectives
"My uncle smoked a pack of cigarettes a day for his entire life and lived to be 90. So smoke and you'll live longer!"
Coverse Accident
The assumption that something is true of the parts of a whole because it is true of the whole
Decomposition
"If Ali eats pork, he eats meat. Ali does not eat pork, therefore he doesn't eat meat," is an example of what?
Faulty hypothetical syllogism/Denying the antecedent
Red Herring
Introducing irrelevant/unrelated information to distract from the main issue or argument.
Modus Ponens