Definitions
What are "False Memories?"
False memories are memories that do not correspond to events as they actually happened.
What is suggestibilty?
The tendency to incorporate suggestions or post- event information into one's memory of an event.
Who is Elizabeth Loftus?
A memory scientists at the University of Washington in 1970's.
What is correspondence?
A match between a retrieved memory and an actual event from the past.
What is "source monitoring"?
The ability to distinguish between reliable and unreliable sources in memory.
What did Susan Clancy conclude about false memories in her study in 2005?
She concluded that the false memories arise when people with vivid visual imaginations and who believe in alien visits experience sleep paralysis.
What is the difference between true memory and false memory?
True memory is one in which the recollective experience corresponds to an event that actually occurred in the past, while false memory is one in which the recollective experience does not correspond to an actual event.
Our ability to distinguish whether our memory is a real event or an imagined event.
Reality Monitoring
What did Elizabeth Loftus introduce into memory Literature?
She introduced the "misinformation effect.
What is the "misinformation effect?"
Refers to false memories created by post-event misinformation.
Ex. Participants witness an event and then later receive false information about what occurred during that event. If they later remember the false information, a "misinformation" effect is said to have occurred.
What is "critical intrusion"?
The false memory created by a list in which all of the words are related or associated with the absent but suggested word.
Who invented the 'DRM'?
Roediger and McDermott (1995)
What has to happen in order for a "false memory" to be considered a false memory? (2 things have to happen).
1. The person has to have recollective experience of an event that took place in the past.
2. The memory must deviate from the event as it actually occurred.
A false memory created by a list in which all of the words are related or associated with the absent but suggested word.
Critical Intrusion
What is the DRM?
Used to induce false memories for items on word lists. Associates to an unpresented word are given, and the unpresented word is often recalled.