Figures
After the death of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), this close companion lead the Muslim community and preserving unity during the Ridda Wars.
Who was: Abu Bakr as Siddiq
Known as “The Opening,” this first chapter of the Qur’an is recited in every unit of Muslim prayer and praises Allah as the Lord of all worlds, the Most Merciful, and the Master of the Day of Judgment.
What is: Surah Al-Fatiha
During his caliphate, the Muslim empire expanded rapidly into Persia, Egypt, and the Levant — and he established the system of appointing governors over provinces.
Who was: Umar ibn al-Khattab
This first pillar is not merely a statement but a lifelong commitment that invalidates all prior false beliefs and must be uttered with both sincerity (ikhlas) and full conviction (yaqīn). State what it is and what a muslim must say for it.
What is: What is the declaration “La ilaha illa Allah, Muhammadur Rasul Allah”? (Shahadah)
"Qul huwa Allahu ahad"
He known for his generosity and devotion, is credited with commissioning the official compilation of the Qur’an into a single, standardized text.
Who is: Uthman ibn Affan
The first five verses of this chapter were the first revelation of the Quran to Prophet Muhammed (pbuh)
What is: Suah Al Alaq
Fought in 624 CE, this first major battle in Islamic history marked a decisive victory for the Muslims of Madinah over the Quraysh of Makkah.
What is: The Battle of Badr
These two conditions must be met before every prayer: one pertains to the physical state of the body and clothing, and the other to knowing the correct time for the prayer.
What are purification (taharah) and knowledge of the prayer time (ma‘rifat al-waqt)?
"falahum ajrun ghairu mamnoon"
What is: Surah at Tin
Known as the “Lion of Allah,” this sahaba was the uncle of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and was a fearless warrior who was martyred in the Battle of Uhud.
Who is: Hamza ibn Abdul-Muttalib
This Medinan surah, commands obedience to Allah and His Messenger and discusses the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah.
What is: Surah Al Fath
After the Prophet’s passing, this series of conflicts, were fought under Abu Bakr’s leadership to restore unity among Arabian tribes.
What were: The Ridda Wars
This is when zakat becomes obligatory when a Muslim possesses wealth above this minimum threshold — equivalent to 85 grams of gold — for a full lunar year.
What is: Nisab
"Wama khalaqa aththakakrawal-ontha"
What is: Surah al Lail
A cousin of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and one of the first converts to Islam, this valiant companion distinguished himself at the Battle of Badr courageously fighting in defense of the Muslims.
Who was: Zubayr ibn al Awwam
Containing 12 verses, this surah was revealed after the Prophet’s Night Journey and Ascension, emphasizing the Qur’an’s divine origin and the destruction of previous nations that denied the truth. It also the 12 commandments of Islam
What is: Surah Al Isra
Under this Umayyad general, Muslim forces crossed into the Iberian Peninsula in 711 CE, beginning nearly eight centuries of Muslim presence in Al-Andalus.
Who is Tariq ibn Ziyad?
During Hajj, pilgrims perform this ritual at Mina on the 10th of Dhul-Hijjah, symbolizing rejection of Shaytan and submission to Allah’s command — a practice tracing back to Prophet Ibrahim (peace be upon him).
What is the stoning of the Jamarat (Ramy al-Jamarat)?
"Allathee Aalalama bilqalam"
This 12th-century Muslim sultan, founder of the Ayyubid dynasty, united much of the Muslim world and recaptured Jerusalem from the Crusaders after the Battle of Hattin in 1187.
Who was: Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi (Saladin)
This surah, revealed in Madinah, discusses the Battle of Tabuk, exposes the hypocrisy of those who refused to join it, and is the only surah in the Qur’an that does not begin with Bismillah ar-Rahman ar-Rahim.
What is: Surah al Tawbah
Following internal conflicts after the assassination of Caliph Uthman, this treaty ended the first civil war (Fitnah) and marked the beginning of the Umayyad Caliphate under Mu‘awiyah ibn Abi Sufyan.
What is the Treaty of Hasan and Mu‘awiyah?
This concept affirms that while humans have free will to choose actions, their choices occur only by Allah’s will and creation — harmonizing divine decree with moral responsibility.
What is: Al-Qadr (Divine Decree) with kasb (acquisition of actions)?
"La oqsimu bihatha al balad"