Anatomy
What is the longest bone ?
a) radio
b) humerus
c) femur
d)Perone
C) Femur
Which vitamin is required as a coenzyme for transamination reactions?
A) Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
B) Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
C) Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxal phosphate)
D) Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)
C) Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxal phosphate)
Which tissue covers the surface of the body and organs?
A) Nervous tissue
B) Connective tissue
C) Epithelial tissue
D) Muscle tissue
C) Epithelial tissue
What is the event that marks the beginning of human development?
A) Implantation of the blastocyst
B) Gastrulation
C) Fertilization
D) Formation of the neural tube
C) Fertilization
Which embryonic structure gives rise to the definitive kidney (metanephros)?
A) Pronephros
B) Mesonephros
C) Metanephric blastema ✅
D) Urogenital sinus
C) Metanephric blastema
how many bones does the human body have ?
a)208
b) 7
c) 207
d)206
d) 206
Which enzyme catalyzes the rate-limiting step of glycolysis?
A) Hexokinase
B) Glucokinase
C) Phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1)
D) Pyruvate kinase
C) Phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1)
Which cell type is responsible for bone resorption?
A) Osteoblast
B) Osteocyte
C) Osteoclast
D) Chondrocyte
C) Osteoclast
During which week of embryonic development does gastrulation occur, and what is its main outcome?
A) Week 1 – formation of blastocyst
B) Week 2 – formation of bilaminar disc
C) Week 3 – establishment of the three germ layers
D) Week 4 – closure of the neural tube
C) Week 3 – establishment of the three germ layers
The middle meningeal artery, often injured in epidural hematomas, enters the cranial cavity through which foramen?
A) Foramen spinosum
B) Foramen rotundum
C) Foramen ovale
D) Jugular foramen
A) Foramen spinosum
What’s the smallest one in the human body ?
a) estribo
b)yunque
c) martillo
d) frontal
A) estribo
3. (High)
Which amino acid is both glucogenic and ketogenic?
A) Alanine
B) Leucine
C) Tyrosine
D) Aspartate
C) Tyrosine
Which epithelial type lines the urinary bladder, allowing it to stretch?
A) Simple cuboidal epithelium
B) Transitional epithelium
C) Stratified squamous epithelium
D) Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
B) Transitional epithelium
From which embryonic germ layer are the kidneys and gonads derived?
A) Ectoderm
B) Endoderm
C) Mesoderm
D) Neural crest
C) Mesoderm
Which type of collagen is primarily found in the reticular fibers of lymphoid organs?
A) Type I
B) Type II
C) Type III
D) Type IV
C) Type III
Which lobe of the brain is responsible for vision?
a) Frontal lobe
b) Temporal lobe
c) Parietal lobe
d) Occipital lobe
D) occipital lobe
Which amino acid is the main nitrogen carrier in blood?
A) Alanine
B) Glutamine
C) Aspartate
D) Glycine
B) Glutamine
Which type of secretion involves the release of the whole cell as part of the product (e.g., sebaceous glands)?
A) Merocrine
B) Apocrine
C) Holocrine
D) Endocrine
C) Holocrine
How do neural crest cells contribute to both the peripheral nervous system and non-neural structures?
A) They only form neurons of the spinal cord
B) They form sensory ganglia, Schwann cells, and also give rise to melanocytes, craniofacial cartilage, and parts of the heart
C) They form only the brain ventricles
D) They are restricted to the ectoderm
B) They form sensory ganglia, Schwann cells, and also give rise to melanocytes, craniofacial cartilage, and parts of the heart
Which enzyme deficiency leads to accumulation of galactitol in the lens, causing cataracts in classic galactosemia?
A) Galactokinase
B) Galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase
C) Aldose reductase
D) UDP-galactose epimerase
B) Galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase
Which structure of the eye contains photoreceptor cells?
a) Cornea
b) Retina
c) Lens
d) Iris
B) retina
A patient with hyperlipidemia is treated with a drug that inhibits hormone-sensitive lipase. Which process is directly reduced?
A) Glycogenolysis
B) Lipolysis in adipose tissue
C) β-oxidation in mitochondria
D) Lipoprotein uptake by the liver
B) Lipolysis in adipose tissue
In electron microscopy, which structure is responsible for maintaining the tight seal in a tight junction (zonula occludens)?
A) Desmoglein
B) Claudins and occludins
C) Connexins
D) Integrins
B) Claudins and occludins
Describe the embryological development of the heart tube, including its folding process, and explain how errors in this process can lead to congenital malformations.
A) The heart develops from ectoderm; incorrect closure leads to spina bifida
B) The heart tube forms from mesoderm, folds rightward (D-looping), and errors can cause transposition of great vessels or dextrocardia
C) The heart forms from neural crest only; defects cause anencephaly
D) The heart develops from endoderm; errors cause polydactyly
B) The heart tube forms from mesoderm, folds rightward (D-looping), and errors can cause transposition of great vessels or dextrocardia
During development, the pharyngeal arches contribute to multiple tissues. Which correct pairing of pharyngeal arch → adult derivative is accurate?
A) 1st arch → stapes
B) 2nd arch → styloid process
C) 3rd arch → thyroid cartilage
D) 4th arch → malleus
B) 2nd arch → styloid process