HISTOLOGY
1. Which of the four basic types of tissue is primarily responsible for covering body surfaces and lining internal organs?
a. Connective tissue
b. Epithelial tissue
c. Muscle tissue
d. Nervous tissue
b. Epithelial tissue
What is the primary function of the heart in the circulatory system?
a) To filter waste from the blood
b) To produce hormones
c) To pump blood throughout the body
d) To regulate body temperature
c) To pump blood throughout the body
Which of the following anatomical terms describes a position toward the head or upper part of a structure?
a) Inferior
b) Superior
c) Anterior
d) Posterior
b) Superior.
What is the monomer of a protein?
a) Glucose
b) Amino acid
c) Nucleotide
d) Fatty acid
b) Amino acid.
Which famous monument, located in Paris, France, is also known as "The Iron Lady"?
a. The Statue of Liberty
b. The Great Wall of China
c. The Eiffel Tower
d. The Colosseum
c. The Eiffel Tower
2. Which type of connective tissue is characterized by a fluid matrix and is involved in transporting oxygen and nutrients throughout the body?
a. Areolar tissue
b. Cartilage
c. Bone
d. Blood
d. Blood
Which of the following describes the process by which a cell takes in large particles or other cells by engulfing them with its cell membrane?
a) Pinocytosis
b) Exocytosis
c) Phagocytosis
d) Osmosis
c) Phagocytosis.
he sternum is part of which skeletal division?
a) Appendicular skeleton
b) Axial skeleton
c) Cranial skeleton
d) Vertebral skeleton
b) Axial skeleton.
Which of the following is an example of an enzyme?
a) Cholesterol
b) Amylase
c) Glucose
d) Insulin
b) Amylase.
What is the largest planet in our solar system?
a. Mars
b. Saturn
c. Jupiter
d. Venus
c. Jupiter
What is the primary function of osteocytes, the mature bone cells that reside in lacunae within the bone matrix?
a. Producing new bone matrix
b. Resorbing old or damaged bone tissue
c. Sensing mechanical stress on the bone and maintaining the matrix
d. Forming the collagen fibers of the bone matrix
c. Sensing mechanical stress on the bone and maintaining the matrix
What is the primary function of the nephron in the kidney?
a) To produce insulin
b) To filter blood and form urine
c) To store bile
d) To break down red blood cells
b) To filter blood and form urine.
Which of the following is the most superficial layer of the epidermis, containing dead, keratinized cells?
a) Stratum basale
b) Stratum spinosum
c) Stratum granulosum
d) Stratum corneum
d) Stratum corneum.
In the process of glycolysis, a single molecule of glucose is broken down into two molecules of what?
a) Lactic acid
b) Pyruvate
c) Acetyl-CoA
d) Fructose
b) Pyruvate.
n which year did the Apollo 11 mission successfully land the first humans on the Moon?
a. 1965
b. 1972
c. 1963
d. 1969
d. 1969
Cardiac muscle tissue is unique from skeletal and smooth muscle in which of the following ways?
a. It is not under voluntary control.
b. Its cells are long, unbranched, and multinucleated.
c. It contains intercalated discs that allow for rapid communication between cells.
d. Its cells are spindle-shaped with a single nucleus.
c. It contains intercalated discs that allow for rapid communication between cells.
During muscle contraction, which ion is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to bind with troponin, allowing myosin heads to attach to actin?
a) Sodium (Na^{+})
b) Potassium (K^{+})
c) Calcium (Ca^{2+})
d) Chloride (Cl^{-})
c) Calcium (Ca^{2+})
What is the term for the connective tissue that surrounds the entire muscle (e.g., biceps brachii)?
a) Perimysium
b) Endomysium
c) Epimysium
d) Sarcolemma
c) Epimysium.
Which of the following molecules acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain during aerobic respiration?
a) NADH
b) Cytochrome c
c) Water
d) Oxygen (O\_{2})
d) Oxygen (O\_{2})
4. What is the chemical symbol for the element gold?
a. Gd
b. Ag
c. Au
d. Go
c. Au
5. A tumor is identified as originating from the epithelial cells lining the small intestine. What is the most appropriate histological classification for this type of tumor?
a. Sarcoma
b. Lymphoma
c. Carcinoma
d. Myeloma
c. Carcinoma
A sudden increase in blood pressure is detected by baroreceptors in the aortic arch and carotid sinuses. What is the most likely physiological response to maintain homeostasis?
a) Increased heart rate and vasoconstriction
b) Decreased heart rate and vasodilation
c) Increased respiratory rate and decreased heart rate
d) Decreased blood glucose levels
b) Decreased heart rate and vasodilation
The anatomical space bordered by the lungs, sternum, and vertebral column, containing the heart and great vessels, is known as the:
a) Pleural cavity
b) Abdominopelvic cavity
c) Pericardial cavity
d) Mediastinum
d) Mediastinum.
he primary structure of a protein is defined by the sequence of its amino acids. What is the key type of bond that links these amino acids together to form the polypeptide chain?
a) Disulfide bridges
b) Hydrogen bonds
c) Glycosidic bonds
d) Peptide bonds
d) Peptide bonds.
What is the name of the fictional detective created by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle who resides at 221B Baker Street in London?
a. Hercule Poirot
b. Miss Marple
c. Philip Marlowe
d. Sherlock Holmes
d. Sherlock Holmes