Nature vs. Nurture
The field of study interested in understanding how environmental forces influence gene expression.
Epigenetics
What was the Heinz Dilemma used by Kohlberg to test?
Kohlberg used moral dilemmas, like the Heinz Dilemma, to test an individual's stage of moral development.
The number of people humans can maintain stable social relationships with, according to Dunbar
150
Decline in marriages in Canada is paired with the increase of this kind of living arrangement.
cohabitation
The main theme of Bend it Like Beckham (at least in the context of our course)
Intergenerational Cultural Dissonance
... the disconnect or conflict between different generations within a family or community due to differences in cultural values, beliefs, norms, or practices.
6 major agents of socialization
family, school, peers, media, religion, workplace
The part of the brain that develops in early adolescence and is responsible for the processing of emotions.
limbic system
Sandstrom observed that people tend to be happier on days they have more "bump ins" with people strangers or acquaintances in public or on the street. What name did she give these occurrences?
Weak tie interactions
This relationship structure involves having more than one spouse.
Polygyny- one man, multiple wives
Polyandry- one woman, multiple husbands
Two parents and their children is the most basic form of family.
Gladwell tried to understand how Chris Langan, "the world's smartest man," failed out of university and ended up as a farm labourer. He concluded that ...
Langan's impoverished upbringing lacked the socialization needed for self advocacy and institutional navigation.
The belief that others are constantly watching and judging one's actions, leading to heightened self-consciousness.
Imaginary Audience (Elkind)
Increased social disconnection seems to mirror the rise of _______ after 2012.
Smartphones and/or social media
Marrying within one's group- endogamy- is often practiced as a way to preserve culture. It is contrasted with marrying outside of one's group, a practiced known as ...
Exogamy
What major sociological perspectives sees family as a means of perpetuating current systems of power imbalances, like patriarchy and socioeconomic inequality.
Conflict Theory
Lareau studied the differences between how middle class and working class parents raised their children. She found middle-class parents were much more involved in planning and advocating for their children whereas working class parents gave their children much greater "free range." She referred to these styles as:
Concerted Cultivation
Accomplishment of Natural Growth
Two processes the occur as the prefrontal cortex develops in later adolescence that:
eliminates unnecessary neural connections AND
improves teens ability to make reasoned decisions
Synaptic pruning
Myelination
_______ increases the risk of heart attacks, strokes, and premature death.
Loneliness
This theory suggests we are attracted to people who provide us with emotional, social, or physical benefits. In other words, we are attracted to people who make us feel good.
Reward Theory
Something that exists in every human culture, like families, language, and marriage, even if it looks different in each society.
Cultural universal
What was the "secret" intention behind the Neubauer twin studies?
Neubauer intended to understand if the genetic component of many mental illnesses would manifest differently according to one's upbringing.
Name all 5 members of the Breakfast Club
John Bender (bad boy)
Allison (weirdo)
Brian (nerd)
Claire (popular girl)
Andrew Clark (jock)
"In the face of life's challenges, having a close friend to turn to seems to be a buffer or protective factor against some of the negative outcomes we might otherwise see."
Catherine Bagwell
The key components of attraction are...
(hint: there are 4)
Proximity
Familiarity
Similarity
Reciprocity
According to this sociological perspective, the family plays an important role in maintaining social order by teaching values, norms, and responsibilities to its members.
Structural functionalism