Unit 1
what is rock cycle
a representation of the transitions made over time amongst the three main rock types
what is rock layer
a horizontal layer of rock, especially one of several parallel layers arranged one on top of another
natural disaster what is it
a natural event such as a flood, earthquake, or hurricane that causes great damage or loss of life
focus
the point of origin of an earthquake
viscosity what is it
viscosity is the thickness of something
what is igneous rock
rock formed from cooled, solidified lava/magma
what is strata
a layer of rock or soil in the ground
what is earthquake
a sudden and violent shaking of the ground, sometimes causing great destruction, as a result of movements within the earth's crust or volcanic action
P wave
P wave is the first strong wave during an earthquake; also known as a primary wave
composite volcano what is it
a composite volcano is a tall, cone-shaped volcano in which eruptions of slow-moving lava alternate with more explosive eruptions of ash
what is metamorphic rock
rock that has been changed by extreme heat and pressure
magma what is it
magma is the molten rock material that originates under the Earth's crust and forms igneous rock when it has cooled—magma that reaches the surface of our planet through a volcano vent is also known as lava
intensity what is it
the severity of shaking as a result of an earthquake
S wave
the second strong wave during an earthquake; also known as a secondary wave
cinder cone volcano what is it
cinder cone volcano is a steep, cone-shaped volcano with viscous magma/lava
sedimentary rock
rock formed through the deposition and solidification of sediment that frequently contains fossils
Unit 2 hot spot what is it
an area with significant volcanic activity
compass rose
a symbol showing the principal directions printed on a map or chart
surface wave
a seismic wave that travels across the surface of the Earth during an earthquake. Of the three types studied during this unit, surface waves usually do the most damage
shield volcano what is it
shield volcano is a wide, gently sloped volcano built from layers of slow-moving lava building up atop one another
what is a fossil
the remains or impression of an organism preserved in rock
Unit 2 what is magnitude
magnitude is a quantitative measure of the size of the earthquake at its source as measured on the Richter Magnitude Scale
fault
an extended break in a body of rock along which rock movement has taken place
volcano
a mountain or hill, typically conical, having a crater or vent through which lava, rock fragments, hot vapor, and gas are being or have been erupted from the earth's crust viscosity the thickness of something
lava what is it
lava is hot molten or semifluid rock erupted from a volcano