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CNS-stimulated muscle contraction or hypertonicity.
Active Tone
The capacity of the ribcage to move within the available anatomical ROM during respiration, based on the arthokinematics of the joints of the ribcage and thoracic spine, and the ability of the associated soft tissue to respond to the movement
Ribcage mobility
Resting tension and responsiveness of muscles to passive elongation or stretch
Muscle tone
Cyclical, spasmodic hyperactivity of antagonist muscles that occurs at a regular frequency in response to a quick stretch stimulus
Constant response to passivemovement
Lead pipe rigidity
Final resistance to normal ROM that the bone, ligament or soft tissue can provide. Motion beyond this results in tissue damage
Anatomical barrier
_____ exists in several locations: associated vessels (arteries, veins or lymphatics), in the interstitium, restrained in compartments formed by connective tissue, freely in the interstitium, and loosely bonded to the hydropholic molecules of the connective tissue matrix
Water
What are the soft tissue layers?
Epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous fascia and myofascial contractile tissue
A ratchet-like response to passive movement
Development of muscular tension in skeletal muscles that participate in maintaining the positions of different parts of the skeleton.
Postural tone
What are ten items that represent basic self-care?
Feeding, wheelchair transfer, grooming, bathing, walking on a level surface, climbing stairs, dressing, bowel control, bladder control, and toilet use
Increased muscular tone that occurs as a result of brainstem or basal ganglia lesions
Involves a uniformly increased resistance in both agonist and antagonist muscles, resulting in stiff, immovable parts
Passive tonus or tension of skeletal muscle that derives from its intrinsic molecular viscoelastic properties
Human Resting Muscle Tension
The resistance that determines the range of motion that is available under normal conditions.
Physiologic barrier
Muscle tone that is above normal resting level
Hypertonia
Muscle tone that is below normal resting level
Hypotonia / Flaccidity
The resistance that therapists feel at the end of the PROM when they have taken the "slack" out of the tissue
Elastic barrier
What are the two physiologic components of passive resting muscle tension?
2) CNS-activated contraction of muscle
What are the 3 types of rigidity?
Decorticate rigidity, decerebrate rigidity, parkinsonian rigidity
An increase in extracellular fluid volume that is localized in a dependant area such as a limb
Dependent edema
Increased muscular tone that is the result of an upper motor neuron lesion that may or may not be associated with reflex hyper excitability
Spasticity
Excessive fluid in a joint capsule, indicating irritation or inflammation of the synovium
Effusion
Accumulation of abnormal amounts of lymph fluid and associated swelling of subcutaneous tissues that results from the obstruction, destruction or hypoplasia of lymph vessels
Lymphedema
The emerging conceptual framework that is truly passive resting muscle tension results from complex contributions of several intrinsic material components.
1) Actin and myosin myofibril low-level cross-bridge cycling
2) The giant structural proteins of striated muscle, titin, on stretching
3) Proteins such as connectin
Infiltration of subcutaneous tissues by mucoid material