DNA/RNA
RNA has ribose sugar. What is DNA's sugar?
Deoxyribose
In DNA replication, the nitrogenous base adenine pairs with ________________.
Thymine
Chromatin is too large to exit the nuclear pore, so mRNA is made by using a DNA template. It is the first step of protein synthesis. This process is called what?
Transcription
The mRNA must be used to generate the required polypeptide in a ribosome. This is the second step in protein synthesis. This process is called?
Translation
_______________ mutations occur when an extra nucleotide is inserted into the complementary DNA strand.
Insertion
DNA has the nitrogenous base thymine. What is the nitrogenous base in RNA that replaces thymine?
Uracil
In DNA replication, the nitrogenous base cytosine pairs with _________________.
Guanine
When transcribing from a DNA template, the nitrogenous base adenine pairs with _____________.
Uracil
What is the start codon?
AUG
_______________ mutations occur when a nucleotide is skipped and not added to the complementary DNA strand.
Deletion
RNA's structure is said to be a single strand. DNA's shape is a _________________.
Double Helix
DNA replication happens in what phase of the cell cycle?
S phase of interphase
Nitrogenous bases are read by RNA polymerase three at a time, a unit called?
Codon
Where does translation take place?
Ribosomes in the Cytoplasm
____________mutations occur when the wrong nucleotide is inserted during DNA replication.
Substitution
The ______________ adenine, thymine, uracil, cytosine, and guanine are part of the components of nucleotides.
Nitrogenous Bases
What does DNA helicase do?
"unzips" the DNA. Breaks the bonds of the nitrogenous bases.
What is the triplet grouping of the gene on DNA and mRNA strands?
Reading Frame
What are the stop codons?
UGA, UAG, & UAA
UV radiation, gamma rays, x-rays, asbestos, tobacco smoke, toxic waste are all examples of ____________ that causes mutations.
Mutagen
_____________ & _______________ are the other two components not mentioned that make up nucleotides.
Sugar & phosphate groups
DNA replication is said to be a _________________ process.
Semiconservative
Where does transcription take place?
Nucleus
Wat is the group of three bases on a tRNA molecule called?
Anticodon
Why are insertion and deletion mutations so much more damaging to the final polypeptide structure than substitution mutations?
Because they are frameshift mutations. Substitution changes one amino acid. Frameshift changes multiple amino acids.