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Neurology

100

What is one component of the Central Nervous System (CNS)

Brain or spinal cord

200

___ is the nervous systems ability to change itself, form new connections and create new neurons to compensate for injury or adapt to environmental changes.

neuroplasticity 

300

Which of the 5 senses uses the most nerve cells (touch, taste, smell, vision, hearing)

sight

400

Name one principle to enhance neuroplasticity

• Use it or lose it, use it and improve it, be specific, repetition, intensity, salience, age, transference, interference, patient expectation, reward or feedback, environment, fun, helping others

500

How many cranial nerves are there?

12

Headaches

100

Name two muscles that can contribute to headaches

• Frontalis, temporalis, masseter, levator, SCM, trapezius, sub-occipitals, TMJ muscles 

200

Name at least 3 symptoms of a migraine

• Unilateral (maybe), pulsatile, moderate to severe in intensity, incapacitation, N/V, photo/phono

300

Name two ideas to help migraine postdrome (hangover)

Rest, avoiding blue light/bright lifting, calming activities, hydration, eating

400

How many days a month, for at least 3 months, does one need to have to experience chronic headaches

15 days

500

A cervicogenic headache is head pain generated primarily from the ____ and surrounding soft tissue.

cervical spine

Vision

100

What is the difference of convergence vs. divergence in relation to eye movement?

Convergence is eyes rotate inwards and divergence rotate outward.

200

Give an example of a saccade: Fast eye movements from one target to another can help with what tasks?

Reading, driving, looking back and forth between objects 

300

What percentage (50,70 or 90%) of TBIs result in some form of visual impairment?

90% including blurred vision, double, photophobia, headaches from eye strain, difficulty reading, loss of peripheral vision, eye movement complications.

400

What does diplopia mean?

Double vision

500

What is nystagmus?

Involuntary eye movements

Vestibular

100

Where is your vestibular system located?

Inner ear

200

Name from ringing in the ears?

Tinnitus

300

Otoconia are also known as what?

Ear stones 

400

The disco-ball test at PT evaluation detects what impairment?

Optokinetic or motion sensitivity

500

What does the VOR (vestibular ocular reflex) allow you to do when your head is moving?

Maintain fixed gaze on an object

Other TBI

100

Changes in olfaction may occur post TBI… what is it?

Loss or change in smell

200

What is the leading cause of TBI?

Falls ~47.9%.

•  sports 21%, blunt forced trauma 15%, MVA 14% assaults 9%

300

We have 3 balance systems… name two of them.

Visual, vestibular, proprioceptive

400

What percentage of people sustain post-concussion symptoms following post 3 months mTBI?

10-15%

500

Where in the polyvagal chart would you experience an increase in pupil size

Sympathetic