History, History
Before the term "occupational therapist" was established, practitioners of OT were called this
What are reconstruction aides?
She worked with Meyer to develop programs in "curative occupations" as she believed it could apply to patients in the mental hospital
Who is Eleanor Clarke Slagle?
This philosophy valued meaningful handwork because it gave patients a sense of structure, meaning, and self-expression
What is the Arts and Crafts Movement?
This type of workshop was one of the earliest OT programs used in asylums to calm mentally ill patients
What are arts and crafts workshops?
These laws created racial segregation, including segregated hospitals and healthcare
What are Jim Crow laws?
This Greek physician promoted the benefit of occupation in the 1st century, stating, “employment is nature’s best physician and is essential to human happiness”
Who is Galen?
Rather than chains and physical restraints, he and William Tuke shifted to a moral and humane treatment for mental illness
Who is Philippe Pinel?
Developed by Eleanor Clarke Slagle in 1912, this approach used structured daily routines to help psychiatric patients replace idleness and disorganized patterns with constructive habits
What is habit training?
Soldiers learned to use these devices as part of rehabilitation programs
What are prosthetics/adaptive tools?
Beginning in the 1930s, this was how Americans began to buy into healthcare services and coverage
What is private health insurance?
Shaking, speechlessness, or inability to stand due to psychological trauma were the symptoms of this condition
What is shellshock?
He wrote the autobiography A Mind That Found Itself which influenced the creation of the mental hygiene movement
Who is Clifford Beers?
This philosophy emphasized that people are whole beings — mind, body, and spirit — and occupation affects the whole person
What is holism?
Shoe repairing, harness making, and landscaping were activities used at this hospital
What is the Walter Reed Army Hospital?
This event in the 1940s and created a significant influx of patients with PTSD and other mental conditions
What is World War II?
This major event occurring from 1914-1918 helped facilitate the integration of occupations into the treatment of mental health in the United States
What is World War I?
Meyer created this approach to treat mental health, which was also later adopted by Dr. William Rush Dunton
What is psychobiology?
In contrast with the “rest cure”, this approach was developed by Herbert J. Hall in 1904 and used crafts like weaving, pottery, and woodcarving to help patients with neurasthenia regain structure and purpose
What is work cure?
This 1920 law created the first federally funded vocational rehabilitation program for disabled veterans and civilians in the United States
What is the Vocational Rehabilitation Act?
The Hill-Burton Act of 1946 provided this for hospitals nationwide, allowing for the number of hospitals to increase
What is federal funding?
The first record of occupations as a form of therapy was in this year and in this city
What is 2000 B.C. Rome?
Influenced by David Kennedy Henderson at a conference at the Gartnavel Royal Hospital, she later founded the first OT school in the United Kingdom
Who is Dr. Elizabeth Casson?
This therapeutic philosophy held that the entire environment — routines, interactions, and daily occupations — could act as a form of treatment
What is Psychosocial Milieu Therapy?
By the late 1950s, overcrowded psychiatric hospitals and the rise of new medications pushed occupational therapy to align with this scientific framework of healthcare
What is the medical model?
This act negatively impacted the occupational therapist Army hospital workforce by cutting federal funding which led to layoffs
What is the National Economy Act of 1933?