Money Matters
How does specialization relate to trade?
Trade allows states to specialize in their comparative advantage, leading to greater efficiency
What is a collaboration problem?
Actors benefit from cooperating but also have individual incentives to defect (e.g., Prisoner's Dilemma)
What is the tragedy of the commons?
Each actor has incentives to use common resources; collectively, this depletes or destroys the resource
What type of rights are second generation human rights?
Economic and Material
Would the World Bank, IMF, WHO, WTO, or Red Cross fund a dam to generate hydroelectric power?
World Bank
What is a norm?
Shared understanding of appropriate behavior
How do externalities and public goods apply to the environment?
Externalities: unintended consequences (e.g. dumping upstream) Public goods: everyone benefits, no incentive to clean up as individual b/c costs too high
Define nonderogable rights
Rights that may not be violated under any conditions
How is growth different from development?
Development is broader, considering wealth distribution & well-being such as health, education, infrastructure, etc.
What are the 3 stages of the norm life cycle?
Norm emergence, norm cascade, internalization
Explain the Montreal Agreement and identify 1 reason it was effective
Clear scientific information about harm caused by CFCs, solution clear, core actors benefitted (or at least didn't lose) from solution
Which of the following int'l conventions has the US signed?
-Rights of the Child
-Rights of Persons with Disabilities
-Genocide
-Elimination of Discrimination against Women
Genocide Convention
Give 2 examples of protectionist measures
Tariffs, quotas, subsidies, some environmental or labor standards
Identify 2 qualities of a successful internat'l institution embodied in the MARPOL convention
Transparency, change relative incentives to violate/comply, lots of actors can monitor compliance, clear standard
Name 1 effective environmental agreement, other than Montreal
MARPOL, Int'l Whaling Convention, CITES (endangered species), Vienna Convention...
What are the 2 groups protected under the Laws of War & name 1 way that int'l law on POWs is enforced
Combatants & noncombatants (civilians & soldiers out of combat)
Reciprocity, monitoring through Red Cross