Target Behavior
A student running, darting, or walking away in an heighten emotional state.
What is elopement?
Often a term used in behavior plans when a student is running away or leaving the classroom without permission.
The student behaves in order to get out of doing something he/she does not want to do.
What is Escape or Avoid?
NOTE ABOUT ESCAPE: Escape-maintained behaviors may be due to lack of motivation to perform the task (they don't want to) or lack of skill (it is too difficult). Intervention should focus on increasing compliance as well as providing enough prompts for difficult tasks or taking a step back on tasks that are too difficult by providing tasks that are easier to accomplish and increasing the difficulty of the task more slowly.
What happened immediately before the behavior.
What is Antecedent?
Example: Student is given a writing task, staff work with peers and student is alone/independent
This is an opportunity for the student to learn new skills in place of the problematic behaviors or target behavior.
What is Teach?
As part of the Prevent-Teach-Respond effective interventions.
The moment that Hilary is given a demand for a writing assignment, she begins to tantrum by stomping her feet and yelling out.
What is an example of an ESCAPE/AVOID a demand?
- Escape is when a student starts something and then leaves
- Avoid is when they will not even start
A student who is hitting, kicking, or biting others with intent to harm.
What is aggressive behaviors?
Often used as a target behavior- make sure to include details more then just "aggressive behaviors"
The student behaves to get a reaction from teachers, peers, or other people that are around them.
What is Attention Seeking?
NOTE ABOUT ATTENTION: Attention doesnt have to simply be positive attention. The behavior may be maintained by attention that doesnt even appear to be that pleasant, such as staff prompting appropriate behavior.
What happened immediately after the behavior.
What is Consequence?
Example: peers laughed, staff redirect, demand is delayed, student is removed from the classroom.
This is a consistent approach after the target behavior to reduce the likelihood or after the replacement behavior to increase the frequency.
What is respond or react?
Example: Staff will ignore behavior and limit conversation and eye contact, Student will receive a star when he raises his hand and waits to be called on, student will earn a classroom dollar for coming in when the bell rings
When the students are working independently, a student throws a pencil on the floor and the teacher comes over to redirect and engage.
What is an example of seeking ATTENTION from staff?
A student is not following directions or breaking school rules.
What is defiant or insubordinate?
Target behaviors can include these terms, but should also add more details in order for a stranger to understand the behaviors.
The student behaves in a certain way to get a preferred item or participate in an enjoyable activity.
What is seeking access to tangibles or activity?
NOTE ABOUT ACCESS: Access-maintained behavior may be simply the child gesturing toward something he wants or it can be more problematic behaviors like whining, throwing, etc.
Something that happened sometime (not immediately) before the behavior that increases the likelihood of the problematic behavior.
What is Setting?
During the FBA process- the term Setting does not mean "where" the behavior occurs, but what sets the stage for the problematic behaviors to occur. For example: when the students is bored, tired, hungry, staying at a certain parent's home, Mondays, afternoons.
A visual model that involves multiple steps that begin with the completion of an FBA and includes creating a replacement behavior that meets the same function and .
What is Competing Pathways?
A student has a bug bite and scratches their skin repeatedly.
What is an example of sensory seeking?
A dead man's test.
What is a way to determine if a behavior is observable? Can a dead man do it? If he can, then it is not an observable behavior. For example: Can a dead man "not pay attention" yes- so it's not a measurable behavior. Instead- identify what the student is doing.
The student behaves in a specific way because it feels good to them.
What is Sensory Seeking or Automatic Reinforcement?
These parts are: (1) setting events (slow triggers) (2) predictor events (antecedents/fast triggers), (3) the problem behavior, and (4) maintaining consequences (perceived function).
What s FBA Hypothesis statement?
These interventions address the setting and antecedents to reduce the likelihood that the problematic behaviors will occur.
What is prevent?
Example: Scheduled staff attention, Scheduled rest time, Pre-teach skills, Visual scheduled
The student pushes other students to be first in line.
What is an example of ACCESS tangibles/activity?
These two things need to be included as part of the target behavior.
What is measurable and observable?
The process of gathering information from a variety of sources to develop a hypothesis regarding why a student is displaying challenging behaviors.
What is Functional Behavior Analysis?
The basic unit of analysis in the analysis of operant behavior; encompasses the temporal and possibly dependent relations among an antecedent stimulus, behavior, and consequence.
What is Three-Term Contingency?
In other words, ABC---- Antecedent, Behavior, Consequence
What can the Behavior Coach do after the PBSP has been in place to ensure the interventions are being implemented the way the team intended.
What is a fidelity check?
Collect more data, have someone else join the team for fresh eyes, or complete a functional analysis (which is testing the antecedent by providing different triggers to see if the behavior changes)
What can you do if you cannot determine the function?
Sometimes it is hard to determine the function or there are more than one. Often it starts as one function and is maintained by another. For example, the student elopes to avoid a demand, but the elopement is maintained by attention from staff who are chasing them.