Show:
Principles of development

Gait and Toe Walking
Torticollis and CD
Milestones
It's All Relative
100

Match the correct pair of developmental direction. 

1. Caudal before cephalad 

2. Strength before length 

3. Lateral before medial control 

4. Flexor tone befor extensor tone 

Flexor tone before extensor tone 


100


  1. True or False: Cadence increases with age

False 

Cadence decreases with age 

100

When performing the Muscle Function Scale (MFS) Strength test on a 4 month old with torticollis, the patient is able to lift his head above the horizontal line but below 45 degrees. What classification on the MFS scale would this patient receive for cervical lateral flexor strength? 

  1. 0/5 

  2. 2/5 

  3. 3/5 

  4. 5/5 

3/5 



100

You are evaluating a 4 month old baby for physical therapy. What skill would you expect this child to demonstrate at this age?

  1. Sits without support 

  2. In supine, holds head in midline

  3. Pull to sit with complete head lag 

  4. Pivot prone 

In supine, holds head in midline

100

The four R’s of Trauma Informed Care are:

  1. Realize, Recognize, Respond, Resist Re-traumatization 

  2. Recognize, Respond, Revisit, Realize 

  3. Realize, Recognize, Resist Re-traumatization, Reward 

  4. Recongize, Resist Re-traumatization, Reward, Respond 

Realize, Recognize, Respond, Resist Re-traumatization 

200

  1. Which of the following is NOT a prerequisite for gait

    1. Stability in stance 

    2. Base of Support 

    3. Pre-position of the foot in terminal swing 

    4. Clearance in Swing 

Base of Support 


200

Which of the following is an example of a critical period of development?

  1. Binocular vision 

  2. Music skills 

  3. Neural tube development 

  4. Secondary Language 

Neural tube development 


Critical period= begins and ends abruptly; describes a period beyond which a phenomenon will not appear/develop 


300

A child presents to your clinic at 3 years old with a diagnosis idiopathic toe walking. His ankle dorsiflexion passive range of motion is between 0 and 5 degrees. According to the Cincinnati Children’s guidelines, what would be the treatment recommendation for this patient?

  1. Serial casting 

  2. Articulated AFO and Night Splinting 

  3. Night splinting and serial casting

  4. Physical therapy without bracing 

Night splinting and serial casting

<0 degrees: Serial casting 

0-5 degrees: Night splinting 4-6 months, if no gain, then serial cast 

5-10 degrees: Articulated AFO and/or night splinting

>/= 10 degrees: Articulated AFO and/or night splinting

300

 Deformational plagiocephaly is defined as:

  1. A disproportionately long and narrow skull associated with prematurity 

  2. A parallelogram shape of the skull with ipsilateral occipital flattening and contralateral occipital bossing or bulging

  3. A disproportionately wide skull with central occipital flattening 

  4. Distortion of the shape of the skull due to pre- and post-natal mechanical forces placed on the skull 

A parallelogram shape of the skull with ipsilateral occipital flattening and contralateral occipital bossing or bulging 

Let's review the other definitions! 

300

  • Transition planning out of early intervention services occurs at what age?

    1. 1.5 years 

    2. 3 years 

    3. 2.5 years 

    4. 3.5 years

2.5 years  


400

Jake is a 20 month old male who presents to physical therapy with developmental delay of motor skills. He began walking around 16 months and is not yet walking up the stairs, although he can creep upstairs. What would be the best outcome measure to utilize on your initial evaluation? 

  1. Bruininks Osteretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOT-2) 

  2. Peabody Developmental Motor Scale (PDMS-3)  

  3. Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) 

  4. Test of Infant Motor Performance (TIMP) 

Peabody Developmental Motor Scale (PDMS-3)  

Ages: 0-5 years old 

500

A 4-year-old child is seen in physical therapy for toe walking. The child has normal development and a normal neurological exam. Which finding is most consistent with idiopathic toe walking?

1.  Increased muscle tone and reflexes in the legs
2.  Fixed ankle plantarflexion contracture
3.  Ability to walk with heels down when asked
4. Significant balance and coordination difficulties


 Ability to walk with heels down when asked

500

A baby is born prematurely at 28 weeks gestation. They are now 8 months old. What is their corrected age in months? 

  1. 3 months 

  2. 4 months 

  3. 5 months

  4. 6 months

5 months 

Let's break it down!