Chained by a Monster
Name the 4 main Biomolecules and what elements they are made up of.
What is:
1. Carbohydrates (CHO)
2. Lipids (CHO)
3. Proteins (CHON)
4. Nucleic Acis (CHONP)
Biology
What is the study of life
What is the relative mass of the 3 main components of the atom? (heavy or light)
Proton-heavy
Neutron-heavy
Electron-light
one oxygen molecule added to two hydrogen molecules
water (H2O)
The cell
parts and example
building block of life, self contained living factory, surrounded by a barrier called a cell membrane, contains genetic material, capable of reproducing itself, and keeping itself alive by cycling matter and energy. (Exp. bacteria, mold, trees, bagders, humans are composed of cells)
Monomers, Polymers, and Polysaccharide and what each term means.
What biomolecules are made up of.
Monomers- Single part
Polymers- Many parts (chains together)
Polysaccharide- Many big carbohydrate molecule
6 characteristics of life and what they mean
1. Composed of Cells
2. Metabolize
3.Grow, develop and reproduce
4. Transmit genetic information
5. Respond to stimuli
6. Adapt to their environments
Valence shells and valence electrons
The valence shell is the outer most orbital in an atom and it is important because it is the shell that is responsible for bonds. Valence electrons are in this shell and dictate how bonds occur.
Adhesion and Cohesion and tangible examples
Cohesion- tendency for molecules of the same kind to stick together. Water's hydrogen bonding tendencies cause it to be highly cohesive. (Water on penny)
Adhesion- tendency for molecules of a certain kind to stick to other substances or objects. (meniscus or trees pull large amounts of water from root through xylem-Bonus what is this action called?)
Hypothesis vs. theory
Theory- mental model that accounts for a large no. of scientific facts in an organized way
Hypothesis are informed predictions, based on a particular scientific theory. Hypotheses are tested and supported or not supported by observations and experiments.
What is a liquid Fat?
(In scientific terms on a food label)
And which is better for you?
What is:
Saturated Fat (Solid)-Unhealthy
Non-Saturated Fat (Liquid)-Better for you
Levels of Organization (what they are) and where life begins in the list.
1. Atom
2. Simple Molecule
3. Biomolecule
4. Organelle
5. Cell (life begins)
6.Tissue
7. Organ
8. Organism
9. Population
10. Community
11. Ecosystem
12. Biosphere
Ionic Bonds and a (Example of a type of element this happens to)
Bonds, where electrons are shared so unequally that they are transferred altogether. Thes occure between ions with full negative or positive charges. These ions stick together because of the electrostatic attration between them. (Happens in Crystals)
Surface Tension and how this principle works, and a real life example
Because of cohesion, water molecules wanting to stick together, the surface of water has a special resistance to being broken. This resistance or surface tension is commonly seen when insects slide upon the surface of water or walk on water or belly flopping. Bonus: Why does this happen?
Enzymes can be destroyed by what and what is this called. Bonus what are enzymes made up of?
Enzymes can be destroyed by to high/low temperatures, the wrong salinity, or to high/low of pH.
Denature
Protein
What you consider the 4 main biomolecules are made up of?
1. Carbohydrates- Simple Sugars
2. Lipids- Fat (Fatty Acids)
3. Proteins- Amino Acids
4. Nucleic Acid (Nucleotides)
What is spontaneous generation vs. omnis cellula ecellula and omne vivum ex vivo
That life came from maggots growing on gravy vs. cells come from cells and life comes from life. Once the microscope was developed it was seen that cells could divide and that life only comes from life.
When the density of electrons is evenly distributed, the molecules are what type of bond? How are the electrons shared? (1-3)
also name 3 types that we drew in the commonplace book
Nonpolar bonds
1. atoms are of the same kind, and electrons are shared exactly equally.
2. two similar elements that are close to one another in the periodic table share electrons, their sharing is similar enough to be considered a nonpolar covalent bond
3. Molecules with a symmetrical geometry display nonpolar properties no matter how unequally their atoms are sharing electrons, due to cancelling out the polar effects
single bond, double bond, triple bond
Specific Heat Capacity and two benefits of life (organism level and ecosystem level)
The specific heat capacity is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of the substance by 1 degree Celsius. (Due to Hydrogen bonding in water, much more heat is required to raise its temperature than most other substances.)
Organisms: cycle mater and energy though thousands of chemical reactions. In the process of these reactions, large amounts of heat are released. Cells have high water content, so most of this heat is safely absorbed without appreciably raising the body temp of the organism. (maintaining homeostasis-keeping one in a life range)
Ecosystem: large bodies of water can resist changes in atmospheric temperature keeping a stable environment for marine life and temperate areas.
Truth (2 types) vs. Scientific Facts
Truth: 1. experience 2. Revelation
Scientific Facts: Outcomes of experiments and observations - can change
The Lipid Bilayer and what it does and how
The Lipid Bilayer allows for diffusion or ATP (Active Transport) through Aquaporins or protein channels. Why or how? because half of the chain is Hydrophobic and the other have is Hydrophilic
Who was Virchow and why was he important?
He popularized Remak's work. Remak decided spontaneous generation was highly improbable and Virchow was a German physician who popularized the idea that cells regenerate. He was widely respected and his voice carried weight.
Covalent Polar bonds
When the electron density is uneven and the molecule has regions that are more positive in character and regions that are more negative in character. If two atoms with significantly different electronegativities for a bond that a polar covalent bond forms.
Universal Solvent (use scientific terms)
Water is a universal solvent. (Solvent, Solution and Solute)
the 3 types of diffusion/explain each
Simple Diffusion: small, non-polar molecules can pass directly through the lipid-bilayer
Facilitated Diffusion: Larger polar molecules move across a membrane with the h lp of transport proteins, moving down their concentration gradient
Osmosis: diffusion of H2O across the semi-permeable membrane, form an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration (Water can slip through the lipid bilayer or it also moves through specialized protein channels call aquaporins