Clauses and sentences
What kind of relative clause is "who is my classmate"? Defining or non-defining? Why?
Sara, who is my classmate, came to my last birthday party.
It's a non-defining relative clause because it just gives extra information about a noun or pronoun and it's written between commas.
What do we use the 0 conditional for?
a) Criticism
b) Scientific facts
c) Imaginary situations
b) Scientific facts
Name 3 uses of the present simple tense.
Habitual actions---> I go to work twice a week.
Permanent/ Continuous State ---> She lives in LA
Timetables, programmes---> The train leaves at 4pm
Scientific/empirical facts---> The sun rises on the East
Instructions---> First, you chop the meat and then you fry it
Storytelling---> The lights go out and a figure tears out of the villa.
Professions----> Mr Hike writes novels
Abilities and capacities---> He speaks English very well
Proverbs---> A stitch in time saves nine
Quotations or references to what may at any time be found in print by readers---> Shakespeare says ‘Neither a borrower nor a lender be.
Commentaries (like in sports)---> Smith runs forward with the ball.Scott hurries towards him to intercept him. Smith kicks hard and straight. Goal!
In demonstrations---> In the picture there is a gentleman who addresses a lady.
In exclamatory sentences with ‘there’ and ‘here’.---> Here comes the train!
Stage directions (play)--> Mary comes in
Declarative acts---> I beg your pardon
Historical present---> San Martín crosses the Andes
Newspaper headlines→ Man enters space
What does "therefore" imply?
a) Purpose
b) Contrast
c) Result
c) Result
I think, therefore I am.
Choose the incorrect sentence:
a) The lions are fierce animals.
b) Lions are fierce animals.
c) The lion is a fierce animal.
a) The lions are fierce animals.
Correct the mistake and justify:
My cat, that was adopted last year, is so sweet and quiet.
My cat, which was adopted last year, is so sweet and quiet.
THAT can't be used in a non-defining relative clause.
What do we use the 2nd conditional for?
a) unlikely future situations
b) unreal current situations
c) both
c) both
If I won the lottery, I'd buy a house.
They'd be basketball players if they were taller.
Name 3 uses of the present continuous tense.
-Repeated actions often showing annoyance.
e. g. She’s always taking my school objects.
-Actions in progress.
e. g. He’s sleeping at the moment.
-Temporary actions.
e. g. I’m working at home for some months.
-Fixed arrangements for the near future.
e. g. We’re meeting tomorrow to celebrate her birthday.
-Current trend and development.
e. g. The dollar price is rising these days.
-Gradual process.
Vegan meals are becoming more popular.
-Determination
I’m passing this exam
What does "so as (not) to" imply?
a) contrast
b) purpose
c) reason
b) purpose
We left the house at midnight so as not to be seen by the neighbours.
Why do we use the definite article (THE) to talk about THE sun, THE moon, THE Earth?
Because they are unique examples.
Paraphrase:
They gave me the new FIFA video game for my birthday.
What ________________________ the new FIFA video game.
What they gave me for my birthday was the new FIFA video game.
What do we use the 3rd conditional for?
a) criticism and regrets
b) imaginary or unreal situations in the past
c) both
c) both
If I had got up earlier, I wouldn't have missed the train.
Argentina wouldn't have won the cup if Martinez hadn't played.
Name 3 uses of the past continuous tense.
- Past actions in progress at a given point in time.
e. g. I was cooking yesterday evening.
-Past actions in progress interrumped by another action.
e. g. I was cooking when the light went out.
-Simultaneous past actions.
e. g. I was cooking while my friend was setting up the table.
-Polite requests.
e. g. I was wondering if you could help me.
-Irritation.
-e. g. She was always trying us like primary school students.
Name 3 contrastive linkers:
But
However
Nevertheless
Nonetheless
Although
Despite
In spite of
Conversely
While
Whilst
Whereas
In contrast
By contrast
On the other hand
Yes. As long as the abstract noun is post-modified.
The technology FROM THE 20th CENTURY is almost obsolete.
The destruction of Troy.
Paraphrase:
Coronavirus spread all over the country in March, 2020.
It was ________________Coronavirus spread all over the country.
It was in March, 2020 that / when Coronavirus spread all over the country.
Can we use "unless" with all the conditionals?
No. Unless can't be used for unreal conditionals.
You won't go on holiday unless you save up some money.
What is the difference between "going to" and "will" when they are used for predictions?
Going to is used for predictions with evidence:
Look at that man driving while using his phone... He's going to crash!
I think my nephew will love this new pair of socks for his birthday.
Correct the sentence and justify your answer:
Despite she’s my friend, I wouldn’t lend her any money.
Despite and in spite of CANNOT be immediately followed by a finite clause (Subject + verb + ...)
Despite our friendship,
Despite being her friend,
Despite the fact that she's my friend,
Find the mistake:
a) The Andes
b) The Mount Aconcagua
c) The Pacific Ocean
b) Zero article for only one mountain.
Correct the mistake and justify:
The Science exam wasn't that hard, that made me feel more confident.
The Science exam was really easy, which made me feel more confident.
Sentencial relative clauses are introduced by WHICH.
(this kind of relative clauses are used for after comments about the whole situation that is described, not just the preceding nounor pronoun)
What kind of conditional is used in this sentence?
If I had chosen another career, I would feel frustrated.
A mixed conditional for unreal situations.
If I had chosen another career, (3rd C - past situation)
I would feel frustrated. (2nd C - present situation)
Name 3 uses of the present perfect tense.
Recently completed actions:
He has just painted his room
Actions beginning in the past and continuing up to the present, focusing on the result
He has written three books
Indefinite past actions:
She has seen three films
Repeated actions still continuing
He has worked as a teacher for 4 years.
Accomplishments
Doctors have cured many deadly diseases.
Choose the incorrect sentence:
a) You can eat either mango nor pear.
b) You don't want either to study or to work.
c) Neither Peter nor Steve can help you solve this exercise.
a) either...or
either... or is used for affirmative and negative sentences with their correspondant connotation.
Neither ... nor is used for affirmative sentences with negative connotation.
Explain the difference between these sentences:
a) Belén is a teacher from Villa Devoto.
b) Belén is the teacher from Villa Devoto.
a) It describes Belén's profession and the fact that she is lives in V.D.
b) It is making a difference between Belén and the other teachers. It can be a bit confusing without any other context:
There are many teachers at Lenguas Vivas, Belén is the one who comes from Villa Devoto.