Developmental
A nurse is assessing an 8-year-old child during a routine health visit. Which behavior should the nurse expect based on the child's developmental stage?
A. Enjoys participating in team activities and completing projects
B. Enjoys playing alongside other children without interacting
C. Uses magical thinking to explain everyday events
D. Uses abstract reasoning to solve hypothetical problems
Correct answer: B
Rationale: An 8-year-old is in Erikson’s Industry vs. Inferiority stage (6–12 years). School-age children enjoy learning new skills, completing tasks, participating in group activities, and gaining a sense of accomplishment.
ATI memory tip: School-age = Industry. Think achievement, teamwork, schoolwork, and pride in accomplishments.
A nurse is caring for a 5-year-old child. Which activity best demonstrates the child's expected cognitive development according to Piaget's theory?
A. Understanding that the amount of water remains the same when poured into a different-shaped container.
B. Using pretend play to represent everyday experiences, such as pretending a doll is a patient.
C. Understanding abstract concepts and hypothetical situations.
D. Solving complex mathematical problems using logical reasoning.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: According to Piaget, children ages 2–7 are in the preoperational stage. They develop symbolic thinking and use imagination and pretend play but do not yet consistently understand conservation or abstract reasoning.
Memory Tip:
Sensorimotor = Senses
Preoperational = Pretend
Concrete = Conservation
Formal = Abstract thinking
At how many months should an infant be able to transfer an object from hand to hand?
3
6
9
12
A child should be able to transfer an object from one hand to the other at approximately 6 months of age.
ATI/NCLEX Developmental Milestone:
6 months: Transfers objects from hand to hand.
9 months: Uses a crude pincer grasp and bangs objects together.
12 months: Uses a neat pincer grasp to pick up small objects.
A nurse is reviewing the immunization record of a healthy 16-year-old adolescent. Which immunization should the nurse expect the adolescent to receive?
A. Rotavirus
B. Tdap
C. Hib
D. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Adolescents routinely receive a MenACWY booster at age 16 to maintain protection against meningococcal disease.
ATI/NCLEX Tip: Remember these three important adolescent vaccines:
11–12 years: Tdap, HPV, MenACWY
16 years: Meningococcal conjugate
Every year: Influenza
A nurse is caring for a 5 yr old child resistant to taking medication.
What stratagy could the nurse use to ensure cooperation?
Correct answer: Allow the child to choose between two acceptable options, such as taking the medication with a favorite drink or using a medication cup.
Rationale: Preschool-age children are developing independence and desire some control. Offering limited choices promotes cooperation while allowing the nurse to maintain control over the required treatment.
A nurse observes several preschool children playing with a toy kitchen. They talk to each other, exchange play food, and share utensils, but each child chooses their own activity. Which type of play is this?
A. Cooperative play
B. Solitary play
C. Parallel play
D. Associative play
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Associative play occurs when children interact, talk, and share toys or materials, but do not have an organized plan or common goal. Each child participates in their own activity.
Remember the difference:
Parallel: Playing beside each other, not interacting.
Associative: Talking and sharing, but no organized goal.
Cooperative: Working together toward a shared goal with roles
Solitary = Solo
Parallel = Beside
Associative = Sharing
Cooperative = Teamwork
Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development
1. A nurse is assessing a 10-year-old child who explains that following rules is important because rules help maintain order and prevent people from getting into trouble. According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, which level is the child demonstrating?
A. Conventional level
B. Postconventional level
C. Preconventional level
D. Formal operational level
A. conventional
ATI memory tip – Kohlberg:
Preconventional: What will happen to me? (Reward or punishment)
Conventional: Follow rules and laws; gain approval.
Postconventional: Personal ethics, justice, and universal principles.
Remember: Kohlberg = Moral development (right vs. wrong).
At what age should a child be able to start building a block tower?
3 years (36 months)
Climb, run, jump. BUILD block tower, simple puzzles, handle small objects
PARALLEL PLAY
Most common screening for preschoolers?
Vision
"Sometimes you Feel like a Nut, Sometimes you Don't"
Is an advertisement for what product?
Mounds and Almond Joy
School-Age Safety and Risk Prevention
1. A nurse is providing injury-prevention education to the parents of a 9-year-old child. Which recommendation should the nurse include to reduce the child's risk of injury?
A. Allow the child to sit in the front seat when using a seat belt.
B. Encourage the child to swim without adult supervision if able to swim.
C. Ensure the child wears a properly fitted helmet when riding a bicycle.
D. Allow the child to ride a bicycle without a helmet in familiar neighborhoods.
C
Back seat until 13
Using Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development, which activity should the nurse encourage for an older adult to promote a sense of accomplishment and satisfaction with life?
A. Encouraging the older adult to establish new intimate relationships.
B. Encouraging the older adult to reflect on life experiences and share stories with younger generations.
C. Providing opportunities for the older adult to develop independence from parents.
D. Encouraging the older adult to participate in activities that promote competition with peers.
Correct Answer B
Rationale: According to Erikson, older adults experience Integrity vs. Despair. Reflecting on life experiences, recognizing accomplishments, and sharing wisdom with younger generations promotes a sense of fulfillment, acceptance, and integrity.
ATI/NCLEX Tip:
Older adulthood = Integrity vs. Despair
Integrity = satisfaction, acceptance, and fulfillment.
Despair = regret, disappointment, and dissatisfaction with life.
What age would the nurse expect a patient to have a pokemon card collection?
6-9 years old
A nurse is reviewing the health history of a 67-year-old adult who has never received a pneumococcal vaccine. Which action should the nurse anticipate?
Educate and recommend
Adults age 65 and older are routinely recommended to receive pneumococcal vaccination every 10 years
A community health nurse is planning strategies to include as primary prevention against type 2 diabetes mellitus. Which activity should the nurse include?
Teaching community members about healthy eating, regular physical activity, and maintaining a healthy weight.
ATI/NCLEX Tip
Primary: Prevent diabetes through lifestyle education.
Secondary: Screen for diabetes through blood glucose or A1C testing.
Tertiary: Manage existing diabetes and prevent complications, such as neuropathy and kidney disease
A nurse is providing safety education to the parents of a 2-year-old toddler.
What education should the nurse provide?
Identify 2
ATI memory tip: Toddler safety = prevention!
Poisoning: Lock medications and cleaning products.
Choking: Avoid small objects, whole grapes, and hot dogs cut into rounds.
Drowning: Never leave unattended near water.
Burns: Keep hot liquids and cooking appliances out of reach.
Falls: Use stair gates and appropriate child restraints.
Car safety: Use a properly installed, age- and size-appropriate car seat.
Ignore the child
Pretend nothing is happening
Lie
DO - be honest.
Preschoolers often have fears-most commonly fear of new places, fear of the dark, and fear during nightmares including surgery and hospitalization. These fears are often made worse by the child's own fertile imagination and ability to fantasize.
What gross motor skills should a 5 year old be able to do?
Name 3
Gross motor skills expected at age 5
Hops on one foot.
Skips using alternating feet.
Jumps forward and over small objects.
Stands on one foot for approximately 10 seconds.
Catches and throws a ball.
Climbs and runs with improved coordination.
Walks up and down stairs alternating feet.
A nurse is teaching a community group about the importance of preventive health care. Identify 2 activities that is an example of secondary prevention?
Blood pressure screening
Blood glucose or A1C testing
Vision and hearing screenings
Depression/mental health screening
Secondary Prevention = Screening and Early Detection
The goal is to identify a disease or health problem early, often before symptoms develop, so treatment can begin and complications can be prevented.
Not successfully resolving which Erikson stage results in failure to develop a strong identity and struggles to establish a clear sense of self and their role in society.
Ex: Difficulty making decisions about future goals or careers, or Low self-confidence and poor sense of self
Identity vs. Role Confusion
A nurse is caring for an older adult who has a terminal illness.
Identify Erikson's stage and one intervention the nurse can do to promote resolution of stage
The Erikson stage is Integrity vs. Despair (late adulthood).
Integrity: The older adult reflects on life with acceptance, satisfaction, and a sense of fulfillment. They accept their life experiences and are more able to face death peacefully.
Despair: The person experiences regret, disappointment, or fear about death and feels their life was unfulfilled.
Nursing interventions to promote integrity:
Encourage life review and sharing memories.
Allow the patient to discuss feelings about death.
Support spiritual and cultural practices.
Encourage family involvement when desired.
Provide opportunities to discuss accomplishments and meaningful experiences.
A nurse is caring for a 5-year-old child who has recently been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. The child becomes anxious and cries when it is time to receive an insulin injection. Which of the following activities should the nurse implement to help the child cope with the procedure?
A. Encourage the child to play with a toy medical kit and give an injection to a stuffed animal.
B. Allow the child to watch television during the injection without discussing the procedure.
C. Encourage the child to play independently with building blocks after the injection.
D. Ask the child to explain why insulin injections are necessary
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Therapeutic play allows preschool-age children to express fears and feelings through play. Using a toy medical kit to give an injection to a stuffed animal helps the child become familiar with the procedure, express emotions, and gain a sense of control.
ATI/NCLEX tip: Therapeutic play is especially helpful for preschoolers because they learn and process experiences through imaginative and pretend play.
3 things you can suggest a parent of a preschool age child if sleep disturbances are occuring
assess if bedtime is too early if they are still taking naps, 12 hours of sleep is needed, they might still require a daytime nap, keep a consistent bedtime routine, nightlight, reassure if frightened but do not let them sleep with parents
How often should elderly adults get a hearing screening?
Yearly
Vision yearly as well
"Plop, plop, fiz, fiz"
Is what product?
Alka-Seltzer